Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
A piratis et latronibus capta dominium non mutant.
Things captured by pirates or robbers do not change their ownership.
Acceptance
An agreement, either by express act or by implication from conduct, to the terms of an offer so that a binding contract is formed. 9 If an acceptance modifies the terms or adds new ones, it generally operates as a counteroffer. Cf. OFFER. acceptance by silence. Acceptance of an offer not by explicit words but through the lack of an offeree's response in circumstances in which the relationship between the offeror and the offeree justifies both the offeror's expectation of a reply and the offeror's reasonable conclusion that the lack of one signals acceptance. 0 Ordinarily, silence does not give rise to an acceptance of an offer, but this exception arises when the offeree has a duty to speak.
Accountant
A person authorized under applicable law to practice public accounting; a person whose business is to keep books or accounts, to perform financial audits, to design and control accounting systems, and to give tax advice. 0 For some purposes, the term includes a professional accounting association, a corporation, and a partnership, if they are so authorized.
Ad ea quae frequentius accidunt jura adaptantur
The laws are adapted to those cases that occur more frequently.
Ad offxcium justiciariorum spectat unicuique coram eis placitanti justitiam exhibere
It is the duty of justices to administer justice to everyone pleading before them.
Admittance
1. The act of entering a building, locality, or the like. 2. Permission to enter. 3. Hist. The act of giving seisin of a copyhold estate. * Admittance corresponded with livery of seisin of a freehold. Copyhold estates were abolished by the Law of Property Act of 1922. See COPYHOLD.
Aequitas ignorantiae opitulatur, oscitantiae non item
Equity assists ignorance but not complacency (or carelessness).
Area-standards picketing
labor lai. The practice that a union undertakes to protect its members in a particular region by picketing employers that may undercut the market. Through the potentially lower labor costs of a nonunion workforce.
Argumentum ad captandum
[latin] an argument appealing to the emotions of a crowd.
Arrestandis bonis ne dissipentur
see de arrestandis bonis ne dissipentur.
Arrestando ipsum qui pecuniam receipt
see de arrestando ipsum qui pecuniam recepit.
Assignment pro tanto
see assignment (2).
Assistance of counsel
representation by a lawyer, esp. In a criminal case. See right to counsel.
Assistance, writ of
see writ of assistance,
Auxilium ad filium militem faciendum et filiam maritandam
n. [law latin] hist. A writ ordering a sheriff to levy a tax toward the knighting of a son and the marrying of a daughter of tenants in capite of the crown.
Bank acceptance
see banker's acceptance under acceptance (4) ;
Banker's acceptance
see acceptance
Benigne faciendae sunt interpretations chartarum, ut res magis valeat quam pereat; et quaelibet concessio fortissime contra donatorem interpretanda est
Deeds should be subject to liberal interpretation, so that the matter may take effect rather than fail; and every grant is to be taken most strongly against the grantor.
Benignius leges interpretandae sunt quo voluntas earum conservetur
Laws are to be more liberally interpreted so that their intent maybe preserved.
Bonae fzdei possessor in id tantum quod ad se pervenerit tenetur
A possessor in good faith is liable only for that which he himself has obtained (literally, what has come to him). 2 Co. Inst. 285.
Bystander
One who is present when an event takes place, but who does not become directly involved in it.Cc. abbr. CIRCA. 2. COPYRIGHT. ca. abbr. CIRCA.
Catalla reputantur inter minima in lege
Chattels are considered in law among things of least consequence.
Cataneus
See capitaneus
Chirographum non extans praesumitur solutum
When the evidence of a debt is not in existence, it is presumed to have been discharged.
Circuitus est evitandus
Circuity (roundabout proceeding) is to be avoided.
Circuitus est evitandus; et boni judicis est lites dirimere, ne lis ex lite oriatur
Circuity is to be avoided; and it is the role of a good judge to determine (or dispose of) litigations so that one lawsuit may not arise from another.
Circumstance
n. (often. pl.) An accompanying or accessory fact, event, or condition, such as a piece of evidence that indicates the probability of an event. - circumstantial, adj.aggravating circumstance. 1. A fact or situation that increases the degree of liability or culpability for a tortious or criminal act. 2. A fact or situation that relates to a criminal offense or defendant and that is considered by the court in imposing punishment (esp. a death sentence). ( Aggravating circumstances in death-penalty cases are usu. prescribed by statute. - Also termed aggravating element; aggravating factor. Cf. mitigating circumstance.
Collegium est societas plurium corporum simul habitantium
A college is a society of several people dwelling together.
Concordare leges legibus est optimus interpretandi modus
To make laws agree with laws is the best mode of interpreting them.
Conditio beneficialis, quae statum construit, benigne secundum verborum intentionem est interpretanda; odiosa autem quae statum destruit stricte, secundum verborum proprietatem, accipienda
A beneficial condition that creates an estate ought to be construed favorably, according to the intention of the words; but a condition that destroys an estate is odious and ought to be construed according to the strict sense of the words.
Consentaneous
adj. See CONSENSUAL.
Contango
Securities. 1. A market in which long-term futures or options contracts sell at a premium over short-term contracts. - Also termed normal market. 2. The premium so paid. ( The premium paid for securities with longer maturities reflects the cost of holding the commodity for future delivery.
Contestant
One who contests the validity of a will. - Also termed objectant; caueator.
Contra negantem principia non est disputandum
There is no disputing against one who denies first principles.
Conventio omnis intelligitur clausula rebus sic stantibus
Every contract is to be understood as being based on the assumption of things remaining as they were (that is, at the time of its conclusion).
Court of Assistants
Hist. A colonial body organized in Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 to act as a legislature and court for the colony. See GENERAL COURT. "The court of assistants, made up of governor, deputy governor, and magistrates, heard appeals from lower courts, and took original jurisdiction in certain cases -for example, cases of divorce. Below it were the county courts." Lawrence M. Friedman, A History of American Law 40 (2d ed. 1985).
Creditorum appellatione non hi tantum accipiuntur qui pecuniam crediderunt, sed omnes quibus ex qualibet causa debetur
Under the name of creditors are included not only those who have lent money, but also all to whom a debt is owed from any cause.
De nomine proprio non est curandum cum in substantia non erretur; quia nomina mutabilia sunt, res autem immobiles
As to the proper name, it is not to be regarded when there is no error in substance; because names are changeable, but things are immutable.
Disinheritance
n. 1. The act by which an owner of an estate deprives a would-be heir of the expectancy to inherit the estate. 2. The state of
Ea quae raro accidunt non temere in agendas negotiis computantur
Those things that rarely happen are not to be taken into account in the transaction of business, without sufficient reason.
Effective assistance of counsel
a conscientious, meaningful legal representation, whereby the defendant is advised of all rights and the lawyer is given reasonable opportunity to perform assigned tasks.
Electio est interna libera et spontanea separatio unius rei ab alia, sine compulsione, consistens in animo et voluntate
Election is an internal, free, and spontaneous separation of one thing from another, without compulsion, consisting in intention and will.
Est ipsorum legislatorum tanquam viar. vox.
The voice of the legislators themselves is like a living voice. ( That is, the provisions of a statute are to be understood and interpreted j,_
Estandard
n. [Law French] A standard of weights and measures.
Expectant
adj. Having a relation to, or being dependent on, a contingency; CONTINGENT.
Facultas probationum non est angustanda.
The capability of offering proofs is not to be narrowed.
Fair Labor Standards Act
A federal law, enacted in 1938, that regulates minimum wages, overtime pay, and the employment of minors. 29 USCA ยงยง 201-219. - Abbr. FLSA.
Financial Accounting Standards Board
The independent body of accountants responsible for establishing, interpreting, and improving standards for financial accounting and reporting. - Abbr. FASB.
Fraus et jus nunquam cohabitant
Fraud and justice never dwell together.
Generale dictum generaliter est interpretandum
A general expression is to be construed generally.