Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
A piratis aut latronibus capti liberi permanent.
Those captured by pirates or robbers remain free.
A piratis et latronibus capta dominium non mutant.
Things captured by pirates or robbers do not change their ownership.
Alienatio licet prohibeatur, consensu tamen omnium in quorum favorem prohibita esl potest fieri; et quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se introducto
Even if alienation is prohibited, it may yet take place by the consent of all in whose favor it is prohibited; it is in the power of anyone to renounce a right introduced for his own benefit.
Arms control
int'l law. A policy of minimizing instabilities in the military field by lessening the possibility of the outbreak of war while reducing in number a country's weapons of mass destruction. Cf. Disarmament.
Astronomical day
see solar day (2) under day.
Brephotrophi
Civil law. Persons who manage institutions that receive and care for poor or abandoned children. 0 The word is Greek in origin and was used in late Roman law, but it first appeared in English in the 18th century.
Clam factum id videtur esse, quod quisque, quum controversiam haberet, habiturumve se putaret, fecit
That is considered done secretly which someone did when he had a legal dispute or thought he would have one.
Consuetudo contra rationem introducta potius usurpatio quam consuetudo appellari debet.
A custom introduced against reason ought rather to be called a usurpation than a custom.
Control
ub. 1. To exercise power or influence over <the judge controlled the proceedings>. 2. To regulate or govern <by law, the budget office controls expenditures>. 3. To have a controlling interest in <the five shareholders controlled the company>.
Controller
See COMPTROLLER.
Controver
Hist. A person who concocts false news.
Controversy
1.A disagreement or a dispute, esp. in public. 2. A justiciable dispute. 3. Constitutional law. A case that requires a definitive determination of the law on the facts alleged for the adjudication of an actual dispute, and not merely a hypothetical, theoretical, or speculative legal issue. - Also termed (in senses 2 & 3) actual controversy. See CASE-OR-CONTROVERSY REQUIREMENT.
Controvert
ub. To dispute or contest; esp., to deny (as an allegation in a pleading) or oppose in argument <the allegations in Peck's pleadings were never adequately controverted>.
Courtroom
The part of a courthouse where trials and hearings take place. Cf. judge's chamber under CHAMBER.
Cuilibet licit juri pro se introducto renunciare
Anyone may waive or renounce the benefit of a principle or rule of law that exists only for his protection.
De jure decimarum, originem ducens de jure patronatus, tunc cognitio spectat at legem civilem, i.e., communem
With regard to the right of tithes, deducing its origin from the right of the patron, then the cognizance of them belongs to the civil law, i.e., common law.
Decreta conciliorum non ligant reges nostros
The decrees of councils do not bind our kings.
Dolus et fraus nemini patrocinentur (patrocinari debent)
Deceit and fraud should excuse or benefit no one (they themselves require some excuse).
Electronic Data Interchange agreement
See EDI AGREEMENT.
Fatuus, apud jurisconsultos nostros, accipitur pro non compos mentis; et fatuus dicitur, qui omnino desipit
"Fatuous," among our jurisconsults, is applied to a man not of sound mind; one is also called "fatuous" who is altogether foolish.
Fraus et dolus nemini patrocinari debent.
Fraud and deceit should excuse no one.
Id quod nostrum est sine facto nostro ad alium transferri non potest.
What belongs to us cannot be transferred to another without our act (or deed).
In atrocioribus delictis punitur affectus li. cet non sequatur effectus.
In the more atro. cious crimes, the intent (or attempt) is pun ished even if the effect does not follow.
Jurisdictio est potestas de publico introducta, cum necessitate juris dicendi
Jurisdiction is a power introduced for the public good, on account of the necessity of dispensing justice.
Latro
n. [Latin] Roman law. A robber; a thief.
Latrocination
[fr. Latin latrocinium "highway robbery"] Archaic. The act of robbing; a depredation; a theft. - Also termed latrociny; latrocinium. See LARCENY; THEFT.
Latrocinium
n. [Latin fr. latro "a robber"] Hist. 1. LATROCINATION. 2. Something stolen. 3. The right to judge and execute thieves.
Latrociny
See LATROCINATION.
Legis minister non tenetur, in executione offscii sui, fugere aut retrocedere
The minister of the law is not bound, in the execution of his office, either to flee or to retreat.
Metropolitan
adj. Of or relating to a city or metropolis.
Monetandi jus comprehenditur in regalibus quae nunquam a regio sceptro abdicantur
The right of coining is included among those rights of royalty that are never relinquished by the kingly scepter.
Multa in jure communi contra rationem disputandi pro communi utilitate introducta sunt
Many things have been introduced into the common law, with a view to the public good, that are contrary to logical reasoning. Co. Litt. 70b.
Multitudo errantium non parit errori patrocinium
The multitude of those who err does not produce indulgence for error.
Omnis ratihabitio retrotrahitur et mandato priori aequiparatur
Every subsequent ratification has a retrospective effect and is equivalent to a prior command.
Patria potestas in pietate debet, non in atrocitate consistere
Parental authority should consist in devotion, not dread.
Peccatum peccato addit qui culpae quam facit patrocinium defensionis adjungit
A person adds one offense to another, who, .when he commits a crime, joins to it the protection of a defense.
Potest quis renunciare, pro se et suis, jus quod pro se introductum est
A person may relinquish, for himself and his heirs, a right that was introduced for his own benefit.
Quae contra rationem juris introducta sunt, non debent trahi in consequentiam
Things introduced contrary to the reason of the law ought not to be drawn into precedents.( "We do find divers precedents which are utterly against law and reason and for that void." 12 Coke 75.
Quod est ex necessitate nunquam introducitur, nisi quando necessarium
What is introduced of necessity is never introduced except when necessary.
Retroactive
adj. (Of a statute, ruling, etc.) extending in scope or effect to matters that have occurred in the past. - Also termed retrospective. Cf. PROSPECTIVE (i). - retroactivity, n ."'Retroactivity' is a term often used by lawyers but rarely defined. On analysis it soon becomes apparent, moreover, that it is used to cover at least two distinct concepts. The first, which may be called 'true retroactivity,' consists in the application of a new rule of law to an act or transaction which was completed before the rule was promulgated. The second concept, which will be referred to as 'quasi-retroactivity,' occurs when a new rule of law is applied to an act or transaction in the process of completion .... [T]he foundation of these concepts is the distinction between completed and pending transactions . . . ." T.C. Hartley, The Foundations of European Community Law 129 (1981).
Spectrograph
An electromagnetic machine that analyzes sound, esp. a human voice, by separating and mapping it into elements of frequency, time lapse, and intensity (represented by a series of horizontal and vertical bar lines) to produce a final voiceprint. See VOICEPRINT.
Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950
See MCCARRAN ACT.
TRO
abbr. TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER.
Trover
A common-law action for the recovery of damages for the conversion of personal property, the damages generally being measured by the value of the property. - Also termed trover and conversion. Cf. DETINUE; REPLEVIN. "Trover may be maintained for all kinds of personal property, including legal documents, but not where articles are severed from land by an adverse possessor, at least until recovery of possession of the land. It lies for the misappropriation of specific money, but not for breach of an obligation to pay where there is no duty to return specific money." Benjamin J. Shipman, Handbook of Common-Law Pleading § 43, at 99 (Henry Winthrop Ballantine ed., 3d ed. 1923).
Uncontrollable
adj. Incapable of being controlled.
Uniform Controlled Substances Act
A uniform act, adopted by many states and the federal government, governing the sale, use, and distribution of drugs. 21 USCA §§ 801 et seq.
active-control-of-vessel duty.
See ACTIVE-OPERATIONS DUTY.
actual physical control.
Direct bodily power over something., esn a vehicle- Manv jurisdic-
administrative-control rule
Tax. The rule making the grantor of a trust liable for tax if the grantor retains control that may be exercised primarily for the grantor's own benefit. IRC (26 USCA) § 675.
air-quality-control
region. encrronmorr!al law. a federally designated area in which communities share an air-pollution problem, often involving several states; an interstate area or major intrastate area that the environmental protection agency designates for monitoring and ameliorating ambient air-quality standards. 42 usca § 7407(cr.