Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Treaty
1. A formally signed and ratified agreement between two nations or sovereigns; an international agreement concluded between two or more states in written form and governed by international law. ( A treaty is not only the law in each state but also a contract between the signatories. - Also termed accord; convention; covenant; declaration; pact. Cf. EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT.
Treaty Clause
The constitutional provision giving the President the power to make treaties, with the advice and consent of the Senate. U.S. Const. art. 11, ยง 2. treaty-created law See CONVENTIONAL LAW.
commercial treaty
A bilateral or multilateral treaty concerning trade or other mercantile activities. ( Such a treaty may be general in nature, as by supplying the framework of long-term commercial relations. Or it may be specific, as by detailing the conditions of particular branches of trade or other commercial transactions. Sometimes a treaty of this kind deals with an individual project, such as a guaranty agreement.
dispositive treaty
A treaty by which a country takes over territory by impressing a special character on it, creating something analogous to a servitude or easement in private law.
extradition treaty
A treaty governing the preconditions for, and exceptions to, the surrender of a fugitive from justice by the fugitive's country of residence to another country claiming criminal jurisdiction over the fugitive.
guaranty treaty
An agreement between countries directly or indirectly establishing a unilateral or reciprocal guarantee. - Also termed quasi-guarantee treaty; pseudo-guarantee treaty. "In many instances where the term guarantee' is used in international treaties, the contracting parties merely intend to underline their willingness to comply with the obligation they have entered into. Obligations of this kind do not fall within the concept of guarantee in the proper sense of the term. In this particular respect, the expression pseudo-guarantees' or quasi-guarantee treaties' is used." George Ress, "Guarantee Treaties," in 2 Encyclopedia of Public International Law 634 (1995).
guaranty treaty.
See TREATY.
nonproliferation treaty
A treaty forbidding the transfer of nuclear weapons from a country with a nuclear arsenal to one that does not have nuclear-weapons capability. The first such treaty was reached in 1968, and now more than 100 nations have agreed to its terms. - Also termed nuclear-nonproliferation treaty.
nuclear-nonproliferation treaty
See nonproliferation treaty under TREATY.
peace treaty
A treaty signed by heads of state to end a war. - Also termed treaty of peace.
pseudo-guarantee treaty
See guaranty treaty.
quasi-guarantee treaty
See guaranty treaty under TREATY.
reinsurance treaty
A contract of reinsurance (usu. long-term) covering different classes or lines of business of the reinsured (such as professional liability, property, etc.) and obligating the reinsurer in advance to accept the cession of covered risks. ( Rather than receive individual notice of each specific claim covered, the treaty reinsurer will generally receive periodic reports providing basic information on the losses paid. - Also termed treaty of reinsurance. See BORDEREAU. Cf. FACULTATIVE CERTIFICATE.
treaty of peace
See peace treaty under TREATY.
treaty of reinsurance
See REINSURANCE TREATY.
treaty power
The President's constitutional authority to make treaties, with the advice and consent of the Senate. See TREATY CLAUSE.
treaty reinsurance
Reinsurance under a broad agreement of all risks in a given class as soon as they are insured by the direct insurer.
treaty-made law
See CONVENTIONAL LAW.