Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Actus servi, in its quibus opera ejus communiter adhibita est, actus domini habetur
The act of a servant in those things in which he is usually employed is considered the act of his master.
Administrative Office of the United States Courts.
A federal agency that carries out the nonjudicial business of the federal courts.The Administrative Office collects statistics on the courts, supervises the administrative personnel, disburses the payroll, and performs other similar functions.
Affectus punitur licet non sequatur effectus
The intention is punished even if the object is not achieved.
Aliquid conceditur ne injuria remaneat ampunita quod alias non concederetur
Something is conceded that otherwise would not be conceded, so that a wrong not remain unpuir ished.
Bargaining unit
A group of employees authorized to engage in collective bargaining on behalf of all the employees of a company or an industry sector.
Clam delinquens magis punitur quam palam
A person who does wrong secretly is punished more severely than one who acts openly. 8 Coke 127.
Cohaeredes una persona censentur, propter unitatem juris quod habent
Coheirs are deemed as one person, on account of the unity of right that they possess.
Community
1. A neighborhood, vicinity, or locality. 2. A society or group of people with similar rights or interests. 3. A collection of common interests that arise from an association.
Equal Credit Opportunity Act
A federal statute prohibiting a creditor from discriminating against an applicant on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, age, sex, or marital status with respect to any aspect of a credit transaction. 15 USCA §§ 1691 et seq.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
A federal agency created under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to end discriminatory employment practices and to promote nondiscrim- inatory employment programs.( The EEOC investigates alleged discriminatory employment practices and encourages mediation and other nonlitigious means of resolving employment disputes. A claimant is required to file a charge of discrimination with the EEOC before pursuing a claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and certain other employment-related statutes. - Abbr. EEOC.
European Community
See EUROPEAN UNION.
European Currency Unit
A monetary unit whose value is calculated as a weighted average of currencies from ten member-nations of the European Union. ( The European Currency Unit was created in 1979 to promote currency stability. The unit was a hypothetical currencv. - Abbr. ECL1; ecu.
European Economic Community
See EUROPEAN UNION.
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
A federal statute providing individuals with a right of action against foreign governments, under certain circumstances, to the extent the claim arises from the private, as opposed to the public, acts of the foreign state. 28 USCA §§ 1602-1611. - Abbr. FSIA. See RESTRICTIVE PRINCIPLE OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY.
Forstellarius est pauperum depressor, et totius communitatis et patriae publicus inimicus
A forestaller is an oppressor of the poor, and a public enemy of the whole community and the country.
Furiosus solo furore punitur
An insane person is punished by insanity alone.
Illud quod alteri unitur extinguitur, neque amplius per se vacare licet.
That which is united to another is extinguished, nor can it again be detached.
Immunity
1. Any exemption from a duty, liability, or service of process; esp., such an exemption granted to a public official. "An immunity is a defense to tort liability which is conferred upon an entire group or class of persons or entities under circumstances where considerations of public policy are thought to require special protection for the person, activity or entity in question at the expense of those injured by its tortious act. Historically, tort litigation against units of government, public officers, and charities, and between spouses, parents and children, has been limited or prohibited on this basis." Edward J. Kionka, Torts in a Nutshell 341 (2d ed. 1992).
Impunitas continuum affectum tribuit delinquendi
Impunity provides a constant inclination to wrongdoing. 4 Coke 45.
Impunitas semper ad deteriora invitat.
Im. punity invites (an offender) to ever worse of fenses.
In atrocioribus delictis punitur affectus li. cet non sequatur effectus.
In the more atro. cious crimes, the intent (or attempt) is pun ished even if the effect does not follow.
Interest reipublicae ne maleficia remaneant impunita.
It is in the interest of the state that crimes not remain unpunished.
Inveniens libellum famosum et non corrumpens punitur
A person who discovers a libel and does not destroy it is punished.
Lex punit mendaciam
The law punishes false hood.
Ma leficia non debent remanere impunita, et impunitas continuum affectum tribuit delinquendi
Evil deeds ought not to remain unpunished, and impunity affords continual incitement to wrongdoing. 4 Coke 45.
Nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto
No one is punished twice for the same offense.
Nemo prudens punit ut praeterita revocentur, sed ut futura praeveniantur
No one who is wise gives punishment so that past deeds may be revoked, but so that future deeds may be prevented.
Nemo punitur pro alieno delicto
No one is punished for the crime or wrong of another.
Nemo punitur sine injuria, facto, seu defalta
No one is punished unless for some wrong, act, or default.
Opportunity
The fact that the alleged doer of an act was present at the time and place of the act.
Plures cohaeredes sunt quasi unum corpus, propter unitatem juris quod habent
Sever al coheirs are as one body, by reason of the unity of right that they possess.
President of the United States
The highest executive officer of the federal government of the United States. ( The President is elected to a four-year term by a majority of the presidential electors chosen by popular vote from the states. The President must be a natural citizen, must be at least 35 years old, and must have been a resident for 14 years within the United States. U.S. Const. art. II, § 1.
Privileges and Immunities Clause
The constitutional provision (U.S. Const. art. IV, § 2, cl. 1) prohibiting a state from favoring its own citizens by discriminating against other states' citizens who come within its borders.
Privileges or Immunities Clause
The constitutional provision (U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1) prohibiting state laws that abridge the privileges or immunities of U.S. citizens. * The clause was effectively nullified by the Supreme Court in the Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1873). Cf. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE; EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSE.
Punitive
adj. Involving or inflicting punishment. - Also termed punitory.
Qui parcit nocentibus innocentes punit
A person who spares the guilty punishes the innocent.
Receditur a placitis juris potius quam injuriae et delicta maneant impunita
One departs from settled rules of law, rather than let crimes and wrongs remain unpunished.
Reus laesae majestatis punitur, ut pereat unus ne pereant omnes
A traitor is punished that one may die lest all perish.
Spes impunitatis continuum affectum tribuit delinquendi
The hope of impunity supplies a constant inclination to wrongdoing.
Supreme Court of the United States
The court of last resort in the federal system, whose members are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. ( The Court was established in 1789 by Article III of the U.S. Constitution, which vests the Court with the "judicial power of the United States." - Often shortened to Supreme Court. - Also termed United States Supreme Court.
Unit
The number of shares, often 100, that a given stock is normally traded in.
Unital
adj. Of or relating to legal relations that exist between only two persons. Cf. MULTITAL. "The relations of the cestui que trust with the trustee are in personam or 'unital,' and the same is true of a contract beneficiary and the promisor" William R. Anson, Principles of the Law of Contract 326 n. l (Arthur L. Corbin ed., 3d Am. ed. 1919).
Unite
ub. 1. To combine or join to form a whole. 2. To act in concert or in a common cause.
United Kingdom
A country in Europe comprising England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, but not the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands. - Abbr. U.K.
United Nations
An international organization formed in 1945 to establish a global community with the goals of preventing war, providing justice, and promoting human rights and welfare. - Abbr. U.N.
United States Attorney
A lawyer appointed by the President to represent, under the direction of the Attorney General, the federal government in civil and criminal cases in a federal judicial district. - Also termed United States District Attorney. CE DISTRICT ATTORNEY
United States Claims Court
See UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS.
United States Code
A multivolume published codification of federal statutory law. ( In a citation, it is abbreviated as USC, as in 42 USC § 1983.
United States Code Annotated
A multivolume publication of the complete text of the United States Code with historical notes, crossreferences, and casenotes of federal and state decisions construing specific Coda sections. -Abbr. USCA.
United States Commissioner
Hist. A judicial officer appointed by a U.S. district court to hear a variety of pretrial matters in criminal cases. ( Commissioners' duties have been transferred to U.S. Magistrate Judges. Cf. UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE. commissioner's court See COURT,