Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

Wrong

n. Breach of one's legal duty; violation of another's legal right. - wrong, ub.

Wrongdoer

n. One who violates the law <both criminals and tortfeasors are wrongdoers>. -wrongdoing, n.

Wrongful

adj. 1. Characterized by unfairness or injustice <wrongful military invasion>. 2. Contrary to law; unlawful <wrongful termination . 3. (Of a person) not entitled to the position occupied <wrongful possessor>. -wrongfully, adu. wrongful act. See WRONGFUL CONDUCT.

accusation,n. 1. A formal charge of criminal wrongdoing. 0 The accusation is usu. presenter) to a court or magistrate having jurisdiction tf) inquire into the alleged crime. 2. An informs i statement

civil wrong

A violation of noncriminal law, such as a tort, a breach of contract or trust, a breach of statutory duty, or a defect in performing a public duty; the breach of a legal duty treated as the subject matter of a civil proceeding. Cf. CRIME.

continuing wrong.

An ongoing wrong that is capable of being corrected by specific enforcement. a An example is the nonpayment of a debt.

conversion by wrongful delivery

Conversion by depriving an owner of goods by delivering them to someone else so as to change the possession.

conversion by wrongful destruction

Conversion by willfully consuming or otherwise destroying a chattel belonging to another person.

conversion by wrongful disposition

Conversion by depriving an owner of goods by giving some other person a lawful title to them.

criminal wrong

See CRIME.

intentional wrong.

A wrong in which the mens rea amounts to intention, purpose, or design. - Also termed willful wrong.

legal wrong

See WRONG.

legal wrong.

An act that is a violation of the law; an act authoritatively prohibited by a rule of law.

manifest-error-or-clearly-wrong rule

In some jurisdictions, the doctrine that an appellate court cannot set aside a trial court's finding of fact unless a review of the entire record reveals that the finding has no reasonable basis.

moral wrong

See WRONG.

moral wrong.

An act that is contrary to the rule of natural justice. - Also termed natural wrong.

natural wrong

See moral wrong under WRONG.

place-of-wrong law

See LEX LOCI DELICTI.

place-of-wrong rule

See LEX LOCI DELICTI.

positive wrong

See WRONG.

positive wrong.

A wrongful act, wilfully committed.

private wrong

See WRONG.

private wrong.

An offense committed against a private person and dealt with at the instance of the person injured.

public wrong

See WRONG.

public wrong.

An offense committed against the state or the community at large, and dealt with in a proceeding to which the state is itself a party. ( Not all public wrongs are crimes. For example, a person that breaches a contract with the government commits a public wrong; but the offense is a civil one, not a criminal one. real wrong. An injury to the freehold.

real wrong

See WRONG,

right-and-wrong test

See MCNAGHTEN RULES.

right-wrong test

See MCNAGHTEN RULES.

transitory wrong

See WRONG,

transitory wrong.

A wrong that, once committed, belongs to the irrevocable past. ( An example is defamation. willful wrong. See intentional wrong.

willful wrong

See intentional wrong under WRONG.

wrong of negligence

See WRONG.

wrong of negligence.

A wrong in which the mens rea is a form of mere carelessness, as opposed to wrongful intent.

wrong of strict liability

See WRONG.

wrong of strict liability.

A wrong in which a mens rea is not required because neither wrongful intent nor culpable negligence is a necessary condition of responsibility.

wrongful conduct

An act taken in violation of a legal duty; an act that unjustly infringes on another's rights. - Also termed wrongful act.

wrongful discharge

See DISCHARGE (7).

wrongful discharge.

A discharge for reasons that are illegal or that violate public policy.8. The dismissal of a member of the armed services from military service <the sergeant was honorably discharged>. - discharge (dis-chahrj), ub.

wrongful dishonor

n. A refusal to accept or pay (a negotiable instrument) when it is properly presented and is payable. Cf. DISHONOR.

wrongful garnishment

1. An improper or tortious garnisshment. 2. A cause of action against a garnisher for improperly or tortiously filing a garnishment proceeding.2. The judicial order by which such a turnover is effected. Cf. ATTACHMENT (1); SEQUESTRATION

wrongful levy

A levy on a third party's property that is not subject to a writ of execution.

wrongful-birth action

A lawsuit brought by parents against a doctor for failing to advise them prospectively about the risks of their having a child with birth defects. wrongful-conception action See WRONGFULPREGNANCY ACTION.

wrongful-death action

A lawsuit brought on behalf of a decedent's survivors for their damages resulting from a tortious injury that caused the decedent's death. - Also termed death action; death case. Cf. SURVIVAL ACTION.

wrongful-death statute

A statute authorizing a decedent's personal representative to bring a wrongful-death action for the benefit of certain beneficiaries

wrongful-discharge action

A lawsuit brought by an ex-employee against the former employer, alleging that the termination of employment violated a contract or was illegal. - Also termed wrongful-termination action.

wrongful-life action

A lawsuit brought by or on behalf of a child with birth defects, alleging that but for the doctor-defendant's negligent advice, the parents would not have conceived the child, or if they had, they would have aborted the fetus to avoid the pain and suffering resulting from the child's congenital defects. ( Most jurisdictions reject these claims.

wrongful-pregnancy action

A lawsuit brought by a parent for damages resulting from a pregnancy following a failed sterilization. -Also termed wrongful-conception action. wrongful process See ABUSE OF PROCESS.

wrongful-termination action

See WR.ONGFULDISCHARGE ACTION.