Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Year
1. Twelve calendar months beginning January 1 and ending December 31. - Also termed calendar year. 2. Twelve calendar months beginning at any point.
Year 2000 warranty
See Y2K WARRANTY.
Year Books
Hist. Books of cases anonymously and fairly regularly reported covering primarily the period from the reign of Edward I to the time of Henry VIII. ( The title "Year Books" derives from their being grouped under the regnal years of the sovereigns in whose reigns the reported cases were cited. The reports were probably originally prepared by law teachers and students and later by professional reporters or scribes. - Also written Year-Books; yearbooks; yearbooks. - Also termed terms.
calendar year
See YEAR.
estate for years
See tenancy for a term under TENANCY.
first policy year. Insurance
The first year of a life-insurance policy that is annually renewed. ( This statutory phrase prohibits an insurer from using the policy's suicide exclusion as a defense - and refusing payment on the policy - when an insured commits suicide after the first year of the policy. The insurer can invoke the suicide exclusion as a defense to payment only if the insured commits suicide in the first policy year.
fiscal year
An accounting period of 12 consecutive months <the company's fiscal year is October 1 to September 30>. ( A fiscal year is often different from the calendar year, esp. for tax purposes. - Also termed fiscal period.
half-year
In legal computation, a period of 182 days.
leap year
See YEAR.
lease for years
See tenancy for a term under TENANCY.
natural year
Hist. The period of 365 days and about 6 hours, or the time it takes the earth to orbit the sun.
off-year election
An election conducted at a time other than the presidential election year.
patent issued within a year of the pending application's filing date. - interfere, ub. interference with a business relationship
See TORTIOUSINTERFERENCE WITH PROSPECTIVE ADVANTAGE.
policy year
Insurance. The year beginning on the date that a policy becomes effective. Cf. ANNIVERSARY DATE.
regnal year.
A year of a monarch's reign, marked from the date or anniversary of the monarch's accession. ( Before 1962, British statutes were cited by the regnal years in which they were enacted. Since 1962, British statutes have been cited by calendar year rather than regnal year. (A table of British regnal years is listed in Appendix F of this book.)
seven-years'-absence rule.
The principle that a person who has been missing without explanation for at least seven years is legally presumed dead. Cf. ENOCH ARDEN LAW. "[I]n the United States, it is quite generally held or provided by statute that a presumption of death arises from the continued and unexplained absence of a person from his home or place of residence without any intelligence from or concerning him for the period of 7 years. The presumption has been regarded as a procedural expedient and a rule of evidence." 22A Am. Jur. 2d Death ยง 551, at 527 (1988). severability. See BLUE-PENCIL TEST,
sum-of-the-years'-digits depreciation method
A method of calculating the annual depreciation allowance by multiplying the depreciable cost basis (cost minus salvage value) by a constantly decreasing fraction, which is represented by the remaining years of useful life at the beginning of each year divided by the total number of years of useful life at the time of acquisition. - Sometimes shortened to SYD method.
tax year
The period used for computing federal or state income-tax liability, usu. either the calendar year or a fiscal year of 12 months ending on the last day of a month other than December. - Also termed taxable year.
taxable year
See TAX YEAR.
tenancy for years
See tenancy for a term under TENANCY.
tender-years doctrine
Family law. The doctrine holding that custody of very young children (usu. five years of age and younger) should generally be awarded to the mother in a divorce unless she is found to be unfit. ( This doctrine has been rejected in most states and replaced by a presumption of joint custody.
term for years
See tenancy for a term under TENANCY.
term of years
See tenancy for a term under TENANCY.
year and a day
The common-law time limit fixed for various purposes, such as claiming rights, exemptions, or property (such as rights to wreckage or estrays) or for prosecuting certain acts - so called because a year was formerly counted to include the first and last day, meaning that a year from January 1 was December 31, so a year and a day would then mean a full year from January 1 through January 1. - Also termed year and day; (formerly in Scots law) zeir and day. See YEAR-AND-A-DAY RULE; YEAR, DAY, AND WASTE.
year and day
See YEAR AND A DAY.
year in mourning
See ANNUM LUCTUS.
year of Our Lord
See ANNO DOMINI,
year, day, and waste
Hist. A right of the Crown to the profits and waste for a year and a day of the land of persons convicted of petty treason or felony (unless the lord made redemption), after which the Crown had to restore the property to the lord of the fee. The right was abrogated by the Corruption of Blood Act of 1814. - Also termed (in Law French) ann, jour, et wast; (in Law Latin) annus, dies, et vastum.
year-and-a-day rule
Criminal law. The common-law principle that an act causing death is not homicide if the death occurs more than a year and a day after the act was committed. ( In Latin, the phrase year and a day was commonly rendered annus et dies.
year-end dividend
An extra dividend paid at the end of the fiscal year depending on the amount of the profits.
year-to-year tenancy
See periodic tenancy.