Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Agentes et consentientes pari poena plectentur
Acting and consenting parties will be liable to the same punishment.
Anniculus trecentesimo sexagesimo-quinto die dicitur, incipiente plane non exacto die, quia annum civiliter non ad momenta temporum sed ad dies numeramur
We call a child a year old on the 365th day, when the day is clearly begun but not ended, because we calculate the civil year not by moments, but by days.
Arrearage
See arrear (1).
Arriage and carriage
hist. Indefinite services formerly demandable from tenants, but prohibited by statute in the 18th century.
Asset under management
A securities portfolio for which an investment adviser provides ongoing, regular supervisory or management services.
Asset under management.
see asset.
Asset-coverage test
accounting. A bond-indenture restriction that permits additional borrowing only if the ratio of assets (typically net tangible assets) to debt (typically long-term debt) does not fall below a specified minimum.
Assignment of wages
a transfer of the right to collect wages from the wage earner to a creditor. - also termed assignment of income.
Attachment of wages
the attachment by a plaintiff of a defendant's earnings as an employee. ( in some jurisdictions, an attachment-of-earnings order requires the defendant's employer to deduct a specified sum from the defendant's wages or salary and to pay the money into court. The court then sends the money to the plaintiff. - also termed attachment of earnings. Cf. Garnishment.
Avail of marriage
see valor maritagii.
Average
n. 1. A single value that represents a broad sample of subjects; esp., in mathematics, the mean, median, or mode of a series. 2. The ordinary or typical level; the norm. 3. Maritime law. Liability for partial loss or damage to an insured ship or its cargo during a voyage; the apportionment of such liability. - average, vb. & adj.
Average bond
see bond (2)
Average cost
see cost (1).
Average daily balance
see daily balance.
Average gross sales
see sale.
Average tax rate
see tax rate.
Average variable cost
the average cost per unit of output, arrived at by dividing the total cost (fixed cost and variable cost) by output. Cf. Long-run incremental cost.
Bail-enforcement agent
see bounty hunter.
Balloon-payment mortgage
see. Mortgage
Bargaining agent.
see agent.
Bordage
Hist A type of tenure in which a tenant holds a cottage and a few acres in exchange for providing customary services to the lord.
Breakage
1. An allowance given by a manufacturer to a buyer for goods damaged during transit or storage. 2. Insignificant amounts of money retained by racetrack promoters from bets. 0 The retention of these small sums avoids the inconvenience of counting and paying out inconsequential winnings.
Brigandage
Archaic. Plundering and banditry carried out by bands of robbers. 0 Piracy is sometimes called "maritime brigandage.""The term 'insurance broker' is often used to characterize an individual who is thought to act primarily on behalf of a purchaser in an insurance transaction. This delineation is employed by some courts and writers even though almost all insurance brokers are actually compensated for their services through commissions that are paid by the insurers. Because brokers receive compensation from the insurer, it seems evident that a persuasive argument can be made for not treating a broker as an agent of the insurance purchaser." Robert E. Keeton & Alan I. Widiss, Insurance Law. A Guide to Fundamental Principles, Legal Doctrines, and Commercial Practices § 2.5, at 83-84 (1988).
Brokerage
1. The business or office of:, broker <a profitable stock brokerage%. 2. A. roker's fee <collect the brokerage after tai? house sells>.
Butlerage
His. A duty on wine imported into England, payable to the royal butler. Cf. PRISAGE.
Carriage
Transport of freight or passengers.
Carriage of Goods by Sea Act
Maritime law. A 1936 federal act defining, for goods damaged in transit, the rights and responsibilities of issuers and holders of ocean bills of lading. 46 USCA §§ 1300 et seq. .
Central Intelligence Agency
A U.S. federal agency responsible for gathering, analyzing, and sometimes acting on information relating to national security, esp. foreign intelligence and counterintelligence activities. - Abbr. CIA.
Coinage Clause
The provision in the U.S. Constitution (art. I, § 8, cl. 5) granting to Congress the power to coin money.
Consentientes et agentes pari poena plectentur
Those consenting and those perpetrating will receive the same punishment.
Contra non valentem agere nulla currit praescriptio
No prescription runs against a person unable to act (or bring an action).
Cornage
[fr. Anglo-French corne "horn"] Hist. 1. A type of grand-sergeanty military tenure in which the tenant was bound to blow a horn to alert others whenever an enemy approached. 2. A form of tenure entitling a landowner to rent based on the number of horned cattle owned by the tenant. ( Cornage may have developed into a type of se1jeanty or knight-service tenure that obligated the tenant to blow a horn to warn of invaders, esp. along the border with Scotland. See xNIGHTSERVICE; 3ERJEANTY. - Also termed (in senses 1 & 2) horn tenure. 3. A tribute of corn due only on special occasions, as distinguished from a regularly provided service. 9 This term has often been spelled coraage or coraagium, stemming perhaps from a spelling error in the 1569 edition of Bracton's De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae.
Cosinage
Hist. A writ used by an heir to secure the right to land held by a greatgreat-grandfather or certain collateral relatives. - Also spelled cosenage; cousinage. -Also termed consanguineo; de consanguineo; de consanguinitate. Cf. AIEL; BESAYEL. "This remedy, by writ of assise, is only applicable to two species of injury by ouster, viz. abatement, and a recent or novel disseisin If the abatement happened on the death of one's grandfather or grandmother, then an assise of mort d'ancestor no longer lies, but a writ of ayle, or de avo; if on the death of the great grandfather or great grandmother, then a writ of besayle, or de proavo; but if it mounts one degree higher, to the tresayle, or grandfather's grandfather, or if the abatement happened upon the death of any collateral relation, other than those before-mentioned, the writ is called a writ of cosinage, or de consanguineo." 3 William Blackstone, Commentaries on the laws of England 185-86 (1768).
Coverage
n. 1. Inclusion of a risk under an insurance policy; the risks within the scope of an insurance policy. - cover, ub.
Cum confitente sponte mitius est agendum
One making a voluntary confession is to be dealt with more leniently.
Curtilage
The land or yard adjoining a house, usu. within an enclosure. ( Under the Fourth Amendment, the curtilage is an area usu. protected from warrantless searches. See OPEN-FIELDS DOCTRINE. Cf MESSUAGE.
Damage
n. Loss or injury to person or property <actionable damage resulting from negligence.
Damages
n. pl. Money claimed by, or ordered to be paid to, a person as compensation for loss or injury <the plaintiff seeks $8,000 in damages from the defendant>. - damage, adj "Damages are the sum of money which a person wronged is entitled to receive from the wrongdoer as compensation for the wrong." Frank Gahan, The Law of Damages 1 (1936).
Dismortgage
See REDEMPTION (4).
Dockage
A charge for the use of a dock, esp, while a vessel is undergoing repairs.
Dow Jones Industrial Average.
A stock-market-performance indicator that consists of the price movements in the stocks of 30 leading industrial companies in the United States. -Abbr. DJIA. - Often shortened to Dow. -Also termed Dow Jones Average.
Ea quae raro accidunt non temere in agendas negotiis computantur
Those things that rarely happen are not to be taken into account in the transaction of business, without sufficient reason.
Encourage
vb. Criminal law. To instigate; to incite to action; to embolden; to help. See AID AND ABET.
Engage
ub. To employ or involve oneself; to take part in; to embark on.
Engagement
n. 1. A contract or agreement involving mutual promises. 2. An agreement to marry; the period after which a couple has agreed to marry but before they do so.
Environmental Protection Agency
A federal agency created in 1970 to coordinate governmental action to protect the environment. -Abbr. EPA.
Espionage Act
A federal law that criminalizes and punishes espionage, spying, and related crimes. 18 USCA §§ 793 et seq.
Ewage
n. [Law French] Hist. A toll paid for water passage.
Extraordinary average
a contribution by all the parties concerned in a commercial voyage - whether for vessel or cargo -toward a loss sustained by some of the parties in interest for the benefit of all.
FHA mortgage
A mortgage that is insured fully or partially by the Federal Housing Administration.