Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Central Intelligence Agency
A U.S. federal agency responsible for gathering, analyzing, and sometimes acting on information relating to national security, esp. foreign intelligence and counterintelligence activities. - Abbr. CIA.
Environmental Protection Agency
A federal agency created in 1970 to coordinate governmental action to protect the environment. -Abbr. EPA.
actual agency
An agency in which tl:. agent is in fact employed by a principal.
administrative agency.
See AGENCY (3).
agency
A fiduciary relationship created b, express or implied contract or by law, in whicrl one party (the agent) may act on behalf another party (the principal) and bind the; other party by words or actions. see authorit. "the basic theory of the agency device is to enable person, through the services of another, to broaden ti scope of his activities and receive the product of anot. er's efforts, paying such other for what he does bi retaining for himself any net benefit resulting from tf., work performed." harold gill reuschlein & william .. gregory, the law of agency and partnership § 1, at (2d ed. 1990).
agency adjudication
see administrative proceeding.
agency by estoppel.
An agency created h . operation of law and established by a princ pal's actions that would reasonably lead third person to conclude that an agency e: ists. - also termed apparent agency; ostens ble agency; agency by operation of law.
agency by necessity.
see agency of necessir
agency by operation of law
see agency by estoppel under agency (1).
agency coupled with an interest
An agency in which the agent is granted not only the power to act on behalf of a principal but al:. a legal interest in the estate or property in volved. see power coupled with an under power.
agency from necessity
see agency of necessity.
agency in fact
An agency created voluntarily, as by a contract. ( agency in fact distinguishable from an agency relationsh created by law, such as agency by estoppel.
agency of necessity
An agency arising dig ing an emergency that necessitates the agent's acting without authorization from the principal; the relation between a person win exigent circumstances acts in the inter of another without being authorized to do s 0 it is a quasi-contractual relation formed the operation of legal rules and not by u agreement of the parties. -- also term agency from necessity; agency by necessity. see negotiorum gestio.
agency records
under the freedom of information act, documents that are created or obtained by a government agency, and that are in the agency's control at the time the information request is made. 5 usca § 552; united states dept of justice v. tax analysts, 492 u.s. 136, 109 s.ct. 2841 (1989)
agency regulation
see regulation (2).
agency security.
see government security under security.
agency shop
A shop in which a union acts as an agent for the employees, regardless of their union membership.
agency shop.
see shop
apparent agency
see agency by estoppel.
deed of agency
A revocable, voluntary trust for payment of a debt.
employment agency
A business that procures, for a fee, employment for others and employees for employers. ( Whether the employer or the employee pays the fee depends on the terms of the agreement. See FINDER (1).
exclusive agency
the right to represent a principal - esp. either to sell the principal's products or to act as the seller's real-estate agent - within a particular market free from competition. - also termed exclusive franchise contracts involving the element of exclusive agency generally fall into three classes: (1) where the contract does not prevent the principal from making direct sales but deprives him of the right to appoint other agents; (2) where the agent is the only one with any right to sell; and (3) where the exclusive agency is accompanied with a stipulated right to commissions on all sales whether made through the agent or not." 3 am. jur. 2d agency § 268, at 768 (1986)
exclusive-agency listing
A listing providing that one agent has the right to be the only person, other than the owner, to sell the property during a specified period. - Also termed exclusive-authorization-to-sell listing.
executive agency
An executive-branch department whose activities are subject to statute and whose contracts are subject to judicial review. One example is the Army and Air Force Exchange Service.
express agency
See A express amnesty.
express agency.
An actual agency arising from the principal's written or oral authorization of a person to act as the principal's agent. cf. implied agency.
federal agency
See AGENCY (3).
financing agency
A bank, finance company, or other entity that in the ordinary course of business (1) makes advances against goods or documents of title, or (2) by arrangement with either the seller or the buyer intervenes to make or collect payment due or claimed under a contract for sale, as by purchasing or paying the seller's draft, making advances against it, or taking it for collection, regardless of whether documents of title accompany the draft. ucc § 2-102(a)(20).
free agency
n. A professional athlete's ability to negotiate an employment contract with any team in the league, rather than being confined to the league's collective system. (Free agency is usu. granted to veteran players who have been in the league for a certain number of years. - free agent, n. Cf. RESERVE CLAUSE. free alms. See FRANKALMOIN.
general agency
See AGENCY (1).
general agency.
A principal's delegation to an agent, without restriction, to take any action connected with a particular trade, business, or employment. - also termed universal agency. implied agency. an actual agency arising from the conduct by the principal that implies an intention to create an agency relationship. cf. express agency.
government agency.
See AGENCY (37
government-agency security.
See government security under SECURITY. government agent. See AGENT.
implied agency
See AGENCY (1).
independent agency
See AGENCY (3).
independent agency.
a federal agency, commission, or board that is not under the direction of the executive, such as the federal trade commission or the national labor relations board. - also termed independent regulatory agency; independent regulatory commission.
independent regulatory agency
See independent agency under AGENCY (3).
informal agency action.
Administrative-agency activity other than adjudication or rulemaking, such as investigation, publicity, or supervision. Cf RULEMAKING. informal contract. See parol contract (2) under CONTRACT.
intervening agency
See intervening cause under CAUSE (1).
ostensible agency
See agency by estoppel under AGENCY (1).
public agency
See AGENCY (3).
quasi-governmental agency.
a government-sponsored enterprise or corporation (sometimes called a government-controlled corporation), such as the federal national mortgage corporation.
regulatory agency
See AGENCY (3).
skiptracing agency
A service that locates persons (such as delinquent debtors, missing heirs, witnesses, stockholders, bondholders, etc.) or missing assets (such as bank accounts).
special agency
See AGENCY (1).
special agency.
an agency in which the agent is authorized only to conduct a single transaction or a series of transactions not involving continuous service.
undisclosed agency
an agency relationship in which an agent deals with a third party who has no knowledge that the agent is acting on a principal's behalf. 9 the fact that the agency is undisclosed does not prohibit the third party from seeking redress from the principal or the agent.
universal agency
see general agency.2. an agent's place of business. 3. a governmental body with the authority to implement and administer particular legislation. - also termed (in sense 3) government agency; administrative agency; public agency; regulatory agency. federal agency a department or other instrumentality of the executive branch of the federal government, including a government corporation and the government printing office. 0 the administrative procedure act defines the term agency negatively as being any u.s. govern