Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Articles of amendment
a document filed to effectuate an amendment or change to a corporation's articles of incorporation.
Eighteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment - ratified in 1919 and repealed by the 21st Amendment in 1933 - that prohibited the manufacture, sale, transportation, and possession of alcoholic beverages in the United States. See PROHIBITION (3).
Eighth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified as part of the Bill of Rights in 1791, prohibiting excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
Eleventh Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1795, prohibiting a federal court from hearing an action between a state and a person who is not a citizen of that state. See sovereign immunity under IMMUNITY (i).
Equal Rights Amendment
A failed constitutional amendment that, had it been ratified, would have constitutionally prohibited entirely sex-based discrimination. ( Congress passed the Amendment in 1972, but it failed in 1982, having been ratified by only 35 of the required 38 states. - Abbr. ERA.
Fifteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1870, guaranteeing all citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or prior condition of servitude.
Fifth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified with the Bill of Rights in 1791, providing that a person cannot be (1) required to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous offense unless a grand jury issues an indictment or presentment, (2) subjected to double jeopardy, (3) compelled to engage in self-incrimination on a criminal matter, (4) deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, and (5) deprived of private property for public use without just compensation.
Fifth Amendment, pleading the
See PLEADING THE FIFTH.
First Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified with the Bill of Rights in 1791, guaranteeing the freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
Fourteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1868, whose primary provisions effectively apply the Bill of Rights to the states by forbidding states from denying due process and equal protection and from abridging the privileges and immunities of U.S. citizenship. ( The amendment also gives Congress the power to enforce these provisions, leading to legislation such as the Civil Rights Acts.
Fourth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified with the Bill of Rights in 1791, prohibiting unreasonable searches and seizures and the issuance of warrants without probable cause. See PROBABLE CAUSE.
Mercantile Law Amendment Acts
The Mercantile Law Amendment Act of 1856 (19 & 20 Vict., chs. 60, 97) and the Mercantile Law Amendment Act (Scotland) of 1856, passed primarily to reconcile parts of the mercantile laws of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Nineteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1920, providing that a citizen's right to vote cannot be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state within it, on the basis of sex. - Also termed Women's Suffrage Amendment. 1933 Act. See SECURITIES ACT OF 1933. 1934 Act. See SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
Ninth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified with the Bill of Rights in 1791, providing that rights listed in the Constitution must not be construed in a way that denies or disparages unlisted rights, which are retained by the people.
Second Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified with the Bill of Rights in 1791, guaranteeing the right to keep and bear arms as necessary for securing freedom through a well-regulated militia.
Seventeenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1913, transferring the power to elect U.S. senators from the state legislatures to the states' voters.
Seventh Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified with the Bill of Rights in 1791, guaranteeing the right to a jury trial in federal civil cases that are traditionally considered to be suits at common law and that have an amount in controversy exceeding $20.
Sixteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1913, allowing Congress to tax income.
Sixth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified with the Bill of Rights in 1791, guaranteeing in criminal cases the right to a speedy and public trial by jury, the right to be informed of the nature of the accusation, the right to confront witnesses, the right to counsel, and the right to compulsory process for obtaining favorable witnesses. sixth-sentence remand. See REMAND.
Tenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified as part of the Bill of Rights in 1791, providing that any powers not constitutionally delegated to the federal government, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved for the states or the people. - Also termed Reserved Power Clause.
Third Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified as part of the Bill of Rights in 1791, prohibiting the quartering of soldiers in private homes except during wartime. third cousin See COUSIN
Thirteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1865, that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. "The thirteenth amendment is fairly unique in two respects. First, it contains an absolute bar to the existence of slavery or involuntary servitude; there is no requirement of 'state action.' Thus it is applicable to individuals as well as states Secondly, like the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments, it contains an enforcement clause, enabling Congress to pass all necessary legislation." John E. Nowak & Ronald D. Rotunda, Constitutional Law § 15.6, at 918 (4th ed. 1991).
Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972
A federal statute generally prohibiting sex discrimination and harassment by educational facilities that receive federal funds. This term is often referred to simply as Title IX. 20 USCA §§ 1681 et seq. title by descent See TITLE (2)
Twelfth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1804, that altered the electoral-college system by separating the balloting for presidential and vice-presidential candidates.
Twenty-first Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1933, that repealed the 18th Amendment (which established national Prohibition) and returned the power to regulate alcohol to the states.
Twenty-fourth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1964, that prohibits the federal and state governments from restricting the right to vote in a federal election because of one's failure to pay a poll tax or other tax.
Twenty-second Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1951, that prohibits a person from being elected President more than twice (or, if the person succeeded to the office with more than half the predecessor's term remaining, more than once).
Twenty-seventh Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1992, that prevents a pay raise for senators and representatives from taking effect until a new Congress convenes. ( This amendment was proposed as part of the original Bill of Rights in 1789, but it took 203 years for the required three-fourths of the states to ratify it.
Twenty-sixth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1971, that sets the minimum voting age at 18 for'all state and federal elections.
Twenty-third Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1961, that allows District of Columbia residents to vote in presidential elections.
Women's Suffrage Amendment
See NINETEENTH AMENDMENT.
amendment
1. a formal revision or addition proposed or made to a statute, constitution, or other instrument.
amendment of indictment
the alteration of the charging terms of an indictment, either literally or in effect, after the grand jury has made a decision on it. ( the indictment usu. cannot legally be amended at trial in a way that would prejudice the defendant by having a trial on matters that were not contained in the indictment
amendment on court's own motion
a change to a pleading or other document by the judge without a motion from a party.
certificate of amendment
A document filed with a state corporation authority, usu. the secretary of state, reflecting changes made to a corporation's articles of incorporation.
hostile amendment
a legislative amendment intended to antagonize potential supporters of a bill.
killer amendment
a legislative amendment that has the effect (intended or not) of antagonizing potential supporters of a bill.
lame-duck amendment
See TWENTIETH AMENDMENT.
nunc pro tunc amendment.
See AMENDMENT (3).
nunc pro tune amendment
an amendment that is given retroactive effect, usu. by court order.
perfecting amendment
a legislative amendment that either corrects one or more minor problems with a bill or makes minor adjustments to attract more support for the bill.
price amendment
Securities. A change in a registration statement, prospectus, or prospectus supplement affecting the offering price, the underwriting and selling discounts or commissions, the amount of proceeds, the conversion rates, the call prices, or some other matter relating to the offering price.
substitute amendment
a legislative amendment that seeks to change provisions in a bill. 2. the process of making such a revision. 3. a change made by addition, deletion, or correction; an alteration in wording. - abbr. amend.
twenty-fifth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1967, that established rules of succession for the presidency and vice presidency in the event of death, resignation, or incapacity.
wentieth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1933, that changed the date of the presidential and vice-presidential inaugurations from March 4 to January 20, and the date for congressional convention from March 4 to January 3, thereby eliminating the short session of Congress, during which a number of members sat who had not been reelected to office. - Also termed lame-duck amendment.