Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Chirographum apud debitorem repertum praesumitur solutum
When the evidence (or voucher) is found in the debtor's possession, the debt is presumed to be paid.
Chirographum non extans praesumitur solutum
When the evidence of a debt is not in existence, it is presumed to have been discharged.
chirograph
n. 1. Civil law. A handwritten instrument signed by the party who writes it. 2. A written deed, subscribed and witnessed. 3. Such a deed in two parts from a single original document separated by an in-dented line through the word "chirographum," each party retaining one part. 4. Hist. FOOT OF THE FINE. - Also termed (in sense 4) cyrographarius. - chirographic, adj"Formerly, when deeds were more concise than at present, it was usual to write both parts on the same piece of parchment, with some word or letters of the alphabet written between them; through which the parchment was cut, either in a straight or indented line, in such a manner as to leave half the word on one part and half on the other. Deeds thus made were denominated syngrapha by the canonists; and with us chirographa, or handwritings." 2 William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England 295-96 (1766).
chirographer of fines
Hist. A Court of Common Pleas officer who engrossed court-ordered fines and delivered indentures of the fines to the parties. See INDENTURE OF A FINE."Chirographer of jynes ... signifieth in our common lawe, him in the common bench office, that ingrosseth fines in that court acknowledged, into a perpetual] record, after they be acknowledged, and fully passed by those officers, by whome they are formerl
chirographum
Roman law. 1. A handwritten document, usu. an undertaking or acknowledgment of debt written in the debtor's own hand. 2. A right of action for debt. Pl. chirographa.