Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Class suit
See CLASS ACTION.
Classified tax.
See TAX.
class
n. 1. A group of people, things, qualities or activities that have common characteristics or attributes <a class of common-stock shares> <the upper-middle class>. protected class A class of people who benefit from protection by statute, such as -title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination based on race, sez national origin, or religion. 2. The order or rank that people or things are arranged in <she
class action
A lawsuit in which a single person or a small group of people represent the interests of a larger group. ( Federal procedure has several requirements for maintaining a class action: (1) the class must be so large that individual suits would be impracticable, (2) there must be legal or factual questions common to the class, (3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties must be typical of those of the class, and (4) the representative parties must adequately protect the interests of the class. Fed. R. Civ. P. 23. - Also termed class suit; representative action.
class action.
See CLASS ACTION.
class director
See DIRECTOR.
class gift
A gift to a group of persons, uncertain in number at the time of the gift but to be ascertained at a future time, who are all to take in definite proportions, the share of each being dependent on the ultimate number in the group.
class gift.
See GIFT,
class legislation
See local and special legislation.
class lottery.
See Dutch lottery under LOTTERY
class of stock
A category of corporate shares used when more than one type of stock is issued. See preferred stock and common stock under stock.
class rate
A single rate applying to the transportation of several articles of the same general character.
class rate.
See RATE.
class representative.
See REPRESENTATIVE.
class representative. A person who sues on behalf of a group of plaintiffs in a class action. - Also termed named plaintiff
See CLASS ACTION.
class voting
A method of shareholder voting by which different classes of shares vote separately on fundamental corporate changes that adversely affect the rights and privileges of that class. - Also termed voting by class; voting by voting group.
class voting.
See VOTING
class-based animus
See ANIMUS (1)
class-based animus.
a prejudicial disposition toward a discernible, usu. constitutionally protected, group of persons. ( a class-based animus is an essential element of a civil rights conspiracy case.2. intention. ( all the following latin "animus" phrases have analogous adverbial forms beginning with "animo" (the definition merely needing "with" at the outset) - for example, animo furandi means "with the intention to steal," animo testandi means "with testamentary intention," etc.
class-one insured
In a motor-vehicle policy, the named insured and any relative residing with the named insured.
class-one insured.
See INSURED.
class-two insured
In a motor-vehicle policy, a person lawfully occupying a vehicle at the time of an accident.
classification.
See CHARACTERIZATION (1).
classified information
Data or material that, having been designated as secret or confidential, only a limited number of authorized persons may know about.
classified risk
See RISK
classified tax
A tax system in which different rates are assessed against different types of taxed property.
hybrid class action
A type of action in which the rights to be enforced are several and varied, but the object is to adjudicate claims that do or may affect the specific property in the action.
hybrid class action.
See CLASS ACTION.
protected class
See CLASS(ii).
quasi-suspect classification
See SUSPECT CLASSIFICATION.
settlement class
See CLASS (4).
spurious class action
See CLASS ACTION.
suspect class
A group identified or defined in a suspect classification.
suspect classification
Constitutional law. A statutory classification based on race, national origin, or alienage, and thereby subject to strict scrutiny under equal-protection analysis. * Examples of suspect classifications are a law permitting only U.S. citizens to receive welfare benefits and a law setting quotas for the government's hiring of minority contractors. See STRICT SCRUTINY. Cf. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT.
testamentary class
See class (3)
voting by class
See class voting under VOTING