Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

Ducatus

n [Law Latin] A duchy; a dukedom.

Oportet quod certa res deducatur in judicium

A thing, to be brought to judgment, must be definite.

Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972

A federal statute generally prohibiting sex discrimination and harassment by educational facilities that receive federal funds. This term is often referred to simply as Title IX. 20 USCA §§ 1681 et seq. title by descent See TITLE (2)

Ubi nulls est conjectura quae ducat alio, verba intelligenda sunt ex proprietate non grammatica sed populari ex usu

Where there is no inference that would lead in another direction, the words are to be understood according to their proper meaning, not strictly accordin" to gnaintiiar but acrc)rdiw, to ponol:cr usage.

accredit (a-kred-it), vb. 1. To give official authorization or status to. 2. To recognize (a school) as having sufficient academic standards to qualify graduates for higher education or for profession

board of education.

A state or local agency that governs and manages public schools within a state or local district. Cf. SCHOOL BOARD.

continuing judicial education

Continuing legal education for judges, usu. organized and sponsored by a governmentally subsidized body and often involving topics such as judicial writing, efficient decision-making, caseload management, and the like. - Abbr. CJE. continuing jurisdiction See JURISDICTION,

continuing legal education

1 The process or system through which lawyers extend their learning beyond their law-school studies, usu. by attending seminars designed to sharpen lawyering skills or to provide updates on legal developments within particular practice areas. ( In some jurisdictions, lawyers have annual or biennial requirements to devote a given number of hours (usu. 12-15) to continuing legal education. 2. The enhanced skills or knowledgederived from this process. 3. The business field in which educational providers supply the demand for legal seminars, books, audiotapes, and videotapes designed to further the education of lawyers. - Abbr. CLE. continuing nuisance. See NUISANCE. continuing objection. See OBJECTION continuing offense. See OFFENSE (1 continuing part-time judge. See JUDGE. continuing trespass. See TRESPASS.

ducat

A gold coin used as currency, primarily in Europe and first appearing in Venice in the early 1100s, with the motto sit tibi, Christe, dato, quem to regis, iste Ducatus ("let this duchy which thou rulest be dedicated to thee, O Christ"). 0 It survived into the 20th century in several countries, including Austria and the Netherlands.

educational expense

A deductible expense incurred either to maintain or improve an existing job skill or to meet a legally imposed job requirement.

educational institution

1. A school, seminary, college, university, or other educational facility, though not necessarily a chartered institution. 2. As used in a zoning ordinance, all buildings and grounds necessary to accomplish the full scope of educational instruction, including those things essential to mental, moral, and physical development. educational trust See TRUST. EEC. abbr. European Economic Community.

educational trust

A trust to found, endow, or support a school.

enacted to punish polygamy. 48 USCA § 1480a. - Sometimes shortened to Edmunds Act. educational expense.

See EXPENSE

least-restrictive ducational environment

See LEAST-RESTRICTIVE ENVIRONMENT.