Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Back-to-work agreement
a contract between a union and an employer covering the terms under which the employees will return to work after a strike.
Board of Green Cloth.
Hist. A group of persons responsible for governing the royal-household staff, esp. in financial matters such as accounting for expenses and paying servants' wages. 0 The Board consisted of the Lord Steward and inferior officers, and its name derived from the green cloth that covered the table used by the Board to conduct its duties. In more ancient times, it kept the peace and main-
Degree
1. Generally, a classification or specification <degrees of proof>. 2. An incremental measure of guilt or negligence; a level based on the seriousness of an offense <murder in the first degree>. 3. A stage in a process; a step in a series of steps toward an end <the statute went through several degrees of development>. 4. A stage in intensity <a high degree of legal skill is required>. 5. In the line of descent, a measure of removal determining the proximity of a blood or marital relationship <the judge was recused because she was related to the plaintiff within the second degree of affinity> <the council member did not participate in the vote because he was related to one of the bidders within the first degree of consanguinity. - Also termed degree of kin. See AFFINITY (2); CONSANGUINITY.
Disagreement
1. A difference of opinion; a lack of agreement. 2. A quarrel. 3. An annulment; a refusal to accept something, such as an interest in an estate.
EDI agreement
abbr. Electronic Data Interchange agreement; an agreement that governs the transfer or exchange of data, such as purchase orders, between parties by computer. 9 Electronic data transmitted under an EDI agreement is usu. formatted according to an agreed standard, such as the American National Standards Institute ANSI X12 standard or the U.N. EDIFACT standard.
East Greenwich
Hist. The name of a royal manor in the county of Kent, England. ( Historically, this manor was mentioned in royal grants or patents as descriptive of the tenure of free socage.
Electronic Data Interchange agreement
See EDI AGREEMENT.
Gallagher agreement
A contract that gives one codefendant the right to settle with the plaintiff for a fixed sum at any time during trial and that guarantees payment of the sum regardless of the trial's outcome. City of Tucson u. Gallagher, 493 P.2d 1197 (Ariz. 1972). Cf. MARY CARTER AGREEMENT.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
A multiparty international agreement - signed originally in 1948 - that promotes international trade by lowering import duties and providing equal access to markets. ( More than 130 nations are parties to the agreement. - Abbr. GATT.
Green Cloth
See BOARD OF GREEN CLOTH.
Green River ordinance.
A local licensing law that protects residents from unwanted peddlers and salespersons, typically by prohibiting doorto-door solicitations without prior consent. ( The ordinance takes its name from Green River, Wyoming, which enacted the first such law in the early 20th century before others came into vogue during the 1930s and 1940s throughout the United States.
Gretna-Green marriage
A marriage entered into in a jurisdiction other than where the parties reside to avoid some legal impediment that exists where they live; a runaway marriage. ( Gretna Green is a Scottish village close to the English border that served as a convenient place for eloping English couples to wed. "A 'Gretna-Green marriage' was a marriage solemnized in Scotland by parties who went there to avoid the delay and formalities required in England .... In the United States, the term describes marriages celebrated between residents of a State who go to a place beyond and yet near to the boundary line of an adjoining State, on account of some advantage afforded by the law of that State." William C. Anderson, A Dictionary of Law 496 (1889).
Hazantown agreement
A type of collective-bargaining agreement used in the garment industry, governing the relationship between a jobber and the contractors that produce the jobber's garments. ( The agreement does not govern the relationship between the jobber and its own employees. It governs the relationship between the jobber and the contractors that manufacture the garments that the jobber sells, including agreements that the jobber will use only unionized contractors, will ensure that salaries and bonuses are appropriately paid, and will contribute to employeebenefit funds maintained on behalf of the contractor's employees. This term gets its name from Hazantown, Inc., the jobber involved in Danielson u. Joint Bd. of Coat, Suit & Allied Garment Workers' Union, 494 F.2d 1230 (2d Cir. 1974). - Also termed jobber's agreement.
Lambeth degree
Hist. A degree conferred by the Archbishop of Canterbury, rather than by a university, as authorized under the Ecclesiastical Licenses Act of 1533 (25 Hen. 8, ch. 21).
Mary Carter agreement
A contract (usu. a secret one) by which one or more, but not all, codefendants settle with the plaintiff and obtain a release, along with a provision granting them a portion of any recovery from the nonparticipating codefendants. ( In a Mary Carter agreement, the participating codefendants agree to remain parties to the lawsuit and, if no recovery is awarded against the nonparticipating codefendants, to pay the plaintiff a settled amount. Such an agreement is void as against public policy in some states but is valid in others if disclosed to the jury. Booth u. Mary Carter Paint Co., 202 So. 2d 8 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1967). Cf. GALLAGHER AGREEMENT.
Miller v. Shugart agreement.
A settlement in which an insured consents to a judgment in favor of the plaintiff, on the condition that the plaintiff will satisfy the judgment only out of proceeds from the insured's policy, and will not seek recovery against the insured personally. Although the phrase takes its name from a Minnesota case, it is used in other jurisdictions as well. Miller v. Shugart, 316 N.W.2d 729 (Minn. 1982).
Montreal Agreement
A private agreement, signed by most international airlines, waiving both the Warsaw Convention's limitation on liability for death and personal-injury cases (currently about $20,000) and the airline's duecare defenses, raising the liability limit per passenger to $75,000, and providing for absolute liability on the part of the carrier (in the absence of passenger negligence) for all flights originating, stopping, or terminating in the United States. 0 The Montreal Agreement was the result of negotiations in 1965 and 1966 following the United States' denunciation of the Warsaw Convention, based primarily on its low liability limits. - Also termed Agreement Relating to Liability Limitation of the Warsaw Convention and the Hague Protocol.
Non potest quis sine brevi agree
No one can sue without a writ.
North American Free Trade Agreement
A trilateral treaty - entered into on January 1, 1994 between the United States, Canada, and Mexico - that phases out all tariffs and eliminates many nontariff barriers (such as quotas) inhibiting the free trade of goods between the participating nations. - Abbr. NAFTA.
Scribere est agree
To write is to act.
agreed judgment
A settlement that becomes a court judgment when the judge sanctions it. - Also termed consent judgment; stipulated judgment.
agreed price
The price for a sale, esp. of goods, arrived at by mutual agreement. Cf. open price.
agreed statement of facts
A narrative statement of facts that is stipulated to be correct by the parties and is submitted to a tribunal for a ruling. ( When the narrative statement is filed on appeal instead of a report of the trial proceedings, it is called an agreed statement on appeal.
agreed statement of facts.
see statement of facts
agreed statement on appeal
see agrecti srorement of facts under statement of fact
agreed value
A property's value that is fixed by agreement of the parties with the property. An example is a list of property values contained in an insurance policy.
agreed-amount clause
an insurance-policy provision that the insured will carry a stated amount of coverage.
agreed-boundary doctrine
the principle that owners of contiguous land may agree on the boundary between the parcels, as long as thw actual boundary is uncertain, there is agreement between the two owners about the boundary line, there is acquiescence in the agreed line for a time exceeding the statute of limitations, and the agreed boundary is identifiable on the ground.
agreement
a mutual understanding between two or more persons about their relative rights and duties regarding past or future performances; a manifestation of mutual assent by two or more persons. 2. the parties' actual bargain as found in their language or by impli-cation from other circumstances, including course of dealing or usage of trade or course of performance. ucc § 1-201(3). "an agreement, as the courts have said, 'is nothing more than a manifestation of mutual assent' by two or more parties legally competent persons to one another. agreement is in some respects a broader term than contract, or even than bargain or promise. it covers executed sales, gifts, and other transfers of property." samuel williston, a treatise on the law of contracts § 2, at 6 (walter h.e. jaeger ed., 3d ed. 1957).
agreement of sale
see agreement.
agreement relating to liability limitation of the warsaw convention and the hague protocol.
see montreal agreement.
agreement to agree
1. an unenforceable agreement that purports to bind two parties to negotiate and enter into a contract; esp., a proposed agreement negotiated with the intent that the final agreement will be embodied in a formal written document and that neither party will be bound until the final agreement is executed. 2. a fully enforceable agreement containing terms that are sufficiently definite as well as adequate consideration, but leaving some details to be worked out by the parties.
agreement to sell
an agreement that obligates someone to sell.
air-transport agreement
a contract govern ing the operation of air services; esp., an inter governmental agreement governing the opention of international air services between their territories - also termed air-services agreement
antenuptial agreement
see prenuptial agreement.
binding agreement
an enforceable contract. see contract.
binding agreement.
See AGREEMENT
blanket agreement.
Labor law. A collectivebargaining agreement that applies to workers throughout an organization, industry, or geographical area.
boundary by agreement
See DOCTRINE OF PRACTICAL LOCATION.
buy-and-sell agreement
See BUY-SELL AGREEMENT.
buy-sell agreement
1. An arrangement between owners of a business by which the surviving owners agree to purchase the interest of a withdrawing or deceased owner. Cf. CONTINUATION AGREEMENT. 2. Corporations. A share transfer restriction that commits the shareholder to sell, and the corporation or other shareholders to buy, the shareholder's shares at a fixed price when a specified event occurs. - Also termed buy-and-sell agreement. Cf. OPTION AGREEMENT. BW. abbr. BID WANTED.
case agreed on.
See case stated under CASE.
charter agreement
See CHARTERPARTY.
clearing agreement
A contract whose purpose is to facilitate the collective settlement of monetary claims between creditors and debtors in different currency areas, without resort to foreign-exchange reserves.
closing agreement
tax. a written contract between a taxpayer and the internal revenue service to resolve a tax dispute.
cohabitation agreement
A contract outlining the property and financial arrangements between persons who live together. Cf. PRENUPTIAL AGREEMENT.
collective-bargaining agreement
Labor law. A contract that is made between an employer and a labor union and that regulates employment conditions. - Also termed collective labor agreement; trade agreement.
conditional agreement
See AGREEMENT.
cross-purchase buy-sell agreement.
1. BUY SELL AGREEMENT (1). 2. A partnership insurance plan in which each partner individually buys and maintains enough insurance on the life or lives of other partners to purchase a deceased orexpelled partner's equity.
cultural agreement
Int'l law. A bilateral or multilateral agreement between nations for the purpose of furthering cultural or intellectual relations.