Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
accidental injury
An injury resulting from external, violent, and unanticipated causes; esp., a bodily injury caused by some external force or agency operating contrary to a person's intentions, unexpectedly, and not according to the usual order of events.
actual-injury trigger.
Insurance. The point at which an insured suffers damage or injury (such as the time of an automobile accident), so that there is an occurrence invoking coverage under an insurance policy. - Also termed injury-in-fact trigger. Cf. EXPOSURE THEORY; MANIFESTATION THEORY; TRIPLE TRIGGER.
bodily injury
Physical damage to a person's body. - Also termed physical injury. Cf. grievous bodily harm under HARM.
bodily injury.
See INJURY.
civil injury
See INJURY.
compensable injury
Workers' compensation. An injury caused by an accident arising from the employment and in the course of the employee's work, and for which the employee is statutorily entitled to receive compensation.
continual injury
An injury that recurs at repeated intervals. - Also termed (but improperly) continuous injury.
continuing injury
See INJURY.
continuing injury.
An injury that is still in the process of being committed. ( An example is the constant smoke or noise of a factory.
continuous injury
See continual injury under INJURY.
date of injury
The inception date of an injury; the date of an accident causing an injury.
direct injury
See INJURY
great bodily injury.
See grievous bodily harm under HARM.
injury
n. 1. The violation of another's legal right, for which the law provides a remedy; a wrong or injustice. See WRONG. 2. Harm or damage. - injure, vb. - injurious, adj.
injury in fact
See INJURY.
injury in fact. An actual or imminent invasion of a legally protected interest, in contrast to an invasion
that is conjectural or hypothetical. a An injury in fact gives the victim standing to bring an action for damages.
injury-in-fact trigger
See ACTUAL-INJURY TRIGGER.
intentional-injury exclusion
See expected/intended exclusion under EXCLUSION (3).
irreparable injury
An injury that cannot be adequately measured or compensated by money and is therefore often considered remediable by injunction. - Also termed irreparable harm. See IRREPARABLE-INJURY RULE.
irreparable-injury rule
The principle that equitable relief (such as an injunction) is available only when no adequate legal remedy (such as monetary damages) exists. ( Although this rule is one that courts continue to cite, the courts do not usu. follow it literally in practice. - Also termed adequacy test.
legal injury
Violation of a legal right.
legal-injury rule
The doctrine that the statute of limitations on a claim does not begin to run until the claimant has sustained some legally actionable damage. ( Under this rule, the limitations period is tolled until the plaintiff has actually been injured. - Also termed damage rule.
malicious injury
1. An injury resulting from a willful act committed with knowledge that it is likely to injure another or with reckless disregard of the consequences. 2. MALICIOUS MISCHIEF.
permanent injury
See INJURY.
personal injury
Torts. 1. In a negligence action, any harm caused to a person, such as a broken bone, a cut, or a bruise; bodily injury. 2. Any invasion of a personal right, including mental suffering and false imprisonment. 3. For purposes of workers' compensation, any harm (including a worsened preexisting condition) that arises in the scope of employment.
physical injury
See bodily injury.
primary-line injury
Antitrust. Under the price-discrimination provisions of the Robinson-Patman Act, the practice of charging below-cost, predatory prices in an attempt to eliminate the seller's competition in the market. 15 USCA § 13(a). ( A primary-line injury, which hinders or seeks to hinder competition among the seller's competitors, is distinguishable from a secondary-line injury, which refers to discriminatory pricing that hinders or seeks to hinder competition among the seller's customers, by favoring one customer over another in the prices the seller charges. Cf. SECONDARYLINE INJURY.
reparable injury
An injury that can be adequately compensated by money.
scheduled injury
A partially disabling injury for which a predetermined amount of compensation is allowed under a workers'-compensation statute.
secondary-line injury
Antitrust. Under the price-discrimination provisions of the Robinson-Patman Act, the act of hindering or seeking to hinder competition among a seller's customers by selling substantially the same products at favorable prices to one customer, or a select group of customers, to the detriment of others. 15 USCA § 13(a). * A secondary-line injury, which refers to competition among the seller's customers, is distinguishable from a primary-line injury, which refers to the anticompetitive effects that predatory pricing has on the direct competitors of the seller. Cf. PRIMARY-LINE INJURY.
willful and malicious injury
Bankruptcy. Under the statutory exception to discharge, damage to another entity (such as a creditor) caused by a debtor intentionally performing a wrongful act - without just cause or excuse -that the debtor knew was certain or substantially certain to cause injury. 11 USCA § 523(a)(6).