Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Accessorius sequitur naturam sui principalis
An accessory follows the nature of his principal.
Actio personalis moritur cum persona
A personal action dies with the person.
Arbor civilis
[latin "civil tree"] a genealogical tree.
Arbor finalis
[latin] hist. A boundary tree; a tree used for marking a boundary line.
Assessment list
see assessment roll
Ballistics
1. The science of the motion of projectiles, such as bullets. 2. The study of a weapon's firing characteristics, esp. As used in criminal cases to determine a gun's firing capacity and whether a particular gun fired a given bullet. Balliva. See bailiwick.
Blue List.
Securities. A daily listing (on blue paper) of secondary-market offerings of municipal bonds.
Boni judicis est liter dirimere, ne lis ex lite oriatur
It is the role of a good judge to dispose of litigations so that one suit should not grow from another. 5 Coke 31a.
Capitalis
n. [Latin "chief"] Hist. A principal (or chief) person, object, or judicial proceeding.
Capitalism
n. An economic system that depends on the private ownership of the means of production and on competitive forces to determine what is produced. - capitalist, adj. & n.
Catallis captis nomine districtionis
[Latin "chattels taken in name of distress"] Hist. A writ permitting a landlord who is owed rent to distrain (i.e., seize) the doors, windows, and gates of the tenant's house
Circuitus est evitandus; et boni judicis est lites dirimere, ne lis ex lite oriatur
Circuity is to be avoided; and it is the role of a good judge to determine (or dispose of) litigations so that one lawsuit may not arise from another.
Clausula generalis de residuo non ea complectitur quae non ejusdem sint generis cum its quae speciatim dicta fuerant
A general clause of remainder does not embrace those things that are not of the same kind as those that had been specially mentioned.
Clausula generalis non refertur ad expressa
A general clause does not refer to things expressly mentioned.
Clausula vel dispositio inutilis per praesumptionem remotam vel causam ex post facto non fulcitur
A useless clause or disposition is not supported by a remote presumption or by a cause arising afterwards. ( A useless clause or disposition is one that expresses no more than the law by intendment would have supplied; it is not supported by a remote presumption or foreign intendment of some purpose, in regard whereof it might be material, or by a cause arising afterwards that may induce an operation of those idle words.
Collision
Maritime law. 1. The crashing to er of two vessels.
Conditio beneficialis, quae statum construit, benigne secundum verborum intentionem est interpretanda; odiosa autem quae statum destruit stricte, secundum verborum proprietatem, accipienda
A beneficial condition that creates an estate ought to be construed favorably, according to the intention of the words; but a condition that destroys an estate is odious and ought to be construed according to the strict sense of the words.
Consuetudo et communis assuetudo vincit legem non scriptam, si sit specialis; et interpretatur legem scriptam, si lex sit generalis
Custom and common usage overcome the unwritten law if it is special; and interpret the written law if the law is general.
Conventionalism makes two postinterpretiN, claims.
The first is positive: that judges must respect t' e established legal conventions of their community excel in rare circumstances. It insists, in other words, tlw they must treat as law what convention stipulates c law. Since convention in Britain establishes that acts Parliament are law, a British judge must enforce eve: acts of Parliament he considers unfair or unwise. The positive part of conventionalism most plainly corn sponds to the popular slogan that judges should follo, the law and not make new law in its place. The secon, claim, which is at least equally important, is negative. declares that there is no law - no right flowing frou, past political decisions - apart from the law drawn fro those decisions by techniques that are the
Corporalis injuria non recipit aestimationem de futuro
A personal injury does not receive satisfaction from proceedings yet in the future.
Corpus Juris Civilis
The body of the civil law, compiled and codified under the direction of the Roman emperor Justinian in A.D. 528-534. 0 The collection includes four works - the Institutes, the Digest (or Pandects), the Code, and the Novels. The title Corpus Juris Ciuilis was not original, or even early, but was modeled on the Corpus Juris Canonici and given in the 16th century and later to editions of the texts of the four component parts of the Roman law. See ROMAN LAW (1).
Criminalism
1 A pathological tendency toward criminality. 2. Archaic. The branch of psychiatry dealing with habitual criminals.
Criminalist
1 A person who practices criminalistics as a profession. 2. Archaic. One versed in criminal law. 3. Archaic. A psychiatrist who treats criminals. 4. Archaic. A habitual criminal.
Criminalistics
n. The science of crime detection, usu. involving the subjection of physical evidence to laboratory analysis, including ballistic testing, blood-fluid and tissue analysis, and other tests that are helpful in determining what happened. Cf. CRIMINOLOGY.
Culpabilis
adj. [Latin] Hist. Guilty.cepts of Culpability and Deathworthiness, 66 Fordham L. Rev. 21, 35--36 (1997).
Cum actio fuerit mere criminalis, institui poterit ab initio criminaliter vel civiliter
When an action is purely criminal, it can be instituted from the beginning either criminally or civilly.
Delisting
n. The suspension of the privilege of having a security listed on an exchange. Delisting results from failing to meet the exchange's listing requirements, as by not complying with the minimum net-asset .requirement. - delist, vb. Cf. DEREGISTRATION. Delit See DELICT.
Dissimilium dissimilis est ratio
Of dissimi. lars the rule is dissimilar.
Dominus capitalis loco haeredis habetur, quoties per defectum vel delictum extinguitur sanguis sui tenentis
The supreme lord takes the place of the heir, as often as the blood of the tenant is extinct through deficiency or crime.
Dos rationabilis vel legitima est cujuslibet mulieris de quocunque tenemento tertia pars omnium terrarum et tenementorum, quae vir suus tenuit in dominio suo ut de feodo, etc
Reasonable or legitimate dower belongs to every woman of a third part of all the lands and tenements of which her husband was seised in his demesne, as of fee, etc.
Ecclesia est domus mansionalis omnipotentis dei
The church is the mansionhouse of the omnipotent God.
English rule
The requirement that a losing litigant must pay the winner's costs and attorney's fees. - Also termed loser-pays rule. Cf. AMERICAN RULE.
Englishry, presentment
of. PRESENTMENT OF ENGLISHRY.
Enlistment
n. Voluntary entry into a branch of the armed services. - enlist, ub.
Establish
ub. 1. To settle, make, or fix firmly; to enact permanently <one object of the Constitution was to establish justice>. 2. To make or form; to bring about or into existence <Congress has the power to establish Article III courts>. 3. To prove; to convince <the House managers tried to establish the President's guilt>.
Establishment
n. 1. The act of establishing; the state or condition of being established. 2. An institution or place of business. 3. A group of people who are in power or who control or exercise great influence over something.
Establishment Clause
The First Amendment provision that prohibits the government from creating or favoring a particular religion. U.S. Const. amend. I. Cf. FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE.
Ex malis moribus bonae leges natae sunt.
Good laws are born from evil morals.
Federalism
The relationship and distribution of power between the national and regional governments within a federal system of government. See OUR FEDERALISM.
Federalist Papers
A series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison (under the pseudonym Publius) expounding on and advocating the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. ( Most of the essays were published in 1787 and 1788. - Also termed The Federalist.
Federalist Society
A national association of lawyers, law students, and others committed to conservative and libertarian viewpoints on political and social matters. ( The group is based in Washington, D.C Cf. NATIONAL LAWYERS GUILD.
Feudalism
1. A landholding system, particularly applying to medieval Europe, in which all are bound by their status in a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations of service and defense. * The lord was obligated to give the vassal (1) some land, (2) protection, and (3) justice. The lord guaranteed the quiet occupation of the land by the vassal and guaranteed to do right if the vassal became involved in a dispute. In return, the vassal owed the lord some type of service, called "tenure" (literally 11 means of holding"), because the different types of service were the methods by which the vassals held the property. 2. The social, political, and economic system of medieval Europe. - Also termed feudal system; feodal system "Modern historical research has taught us that, while it is a mistake to speak of a feudal system, the word 'feudalism' is a convenient way of referring to certain fundamental similarities which, in spite of large local variations, can be discerned in the social development of all the peoples of western Europe from about the ninth to the thirteenth centuries." J.L. Brierly, The Law of Nations 2 (5th ed. 1955).
Finis est amicabilis compositio et ftnalis concordia ex concensu et concordia domino regis vel justiciarum
A fine is an amicable settlement and decisive agreement by consent and agreement of our lord, the king, or his justicies.
Forma legalis forma essentialis
Legal form is essential form.
Generale tantum valet in generalibus quantum singulare in singulis
What is general has as much validity among things general as what is particular does among things particular.
Generalis clausula non porrigitur ad ea quae antea specialiter sunt comprehensa
A general clause does not extend to those things that have been previously provided for specifically.
Generalis regula generaliter est intelligenda
A general rule is to be understood generally.
Grand Day. English law
1. Hist. One of four holy days on which the courts are not in session. ( Each of the four court terms had a Grand Day. The four Grand Days were Candlemas Day (February 2), Ascension Day (March 25), St. John the Baptist Day (June 24), and All Saints' Day (November 1). The Inns of Court and of Chancery ceremoniously observed each Grand Day. 2. A day in each term on which the Benchers of the Inns of Court host ceremonial dinners in their halls. See BENCHER. Cf TERM
Homo potent esse habilis et inhabilis diversis temporibus
A person may be capable and incapable at different times.
Homo vocabulum est naturae; persona juris civilis
"Man" (homo) is a term of nature; "person" (persona), a term of civil law.