Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Object
, n. 1. A person or thing to which thought, feeling, or action is directed <the natural object of one's bounty>. See NATURAL OBJECT. 2. Something sought to be attained or accomplished; an end, goal, or purpose <the financial objects of the joint venture > .
Objection
, n. A formal statement opposing something that has occurred, or is about to occur, in court and seeking the judge's immediate ruling on the point. ( The party objecting must usu. state the basis for the objection to preserve the right to appeal an adverse ruling.
Objective
adj. 1. Of, relating to, or based on externally verifiable phenomena, as opposed to an individual's perceptions, feelings, or intentions <the objective facts>. 2. Without bias or prejudice; disinterested <because her son was involved, she felt she could not be objective>. Cf. SUBJECTIVE.
broadside objection
See OBJECTION.
conscientious objector
A person who for moral or religious reasons is opposed to participating in any war, and who is therefore deferred from military conscription but is subject to serving in civil work for the nation's health, safety, or interest. Cf. PACIFIST.
contemporaneous-objection rule
The doctrine that a proper objection to the admission of evidence must be made at trial for the issue of admissibility to be considered on appeal.
continuing objection
. A single objection to all the questions in a given line of questioning. ( A judge may allow a lawyer to make a continuing objection when the judge has overruled an objection applicable to many questions, and the lawyer wants to preserve the objection for the appellate record. - Also termed running objection.
foreign object
An item that appears where it does not belong; esp., an item introduced into a living body, such as a sponge that is left in a patient's body during surgery. ( The discovery rule usu. tolls the statute of limitations for a medical-malpractice claim based on a foreign object. - Also termed foreign substance. See FOREIGN SUBSTANCE.
general objection
An objection made without specifying any grounds in support of the objection. ( A general objection preserves only the issue of relevancy. - Also termed broadside objection.
leading-object rule
See MAIN-PURPOSE RULE.
military objective.
Int'l law. An object that by its nature, location, or use contributes to military action, and is thus susceptible to attack. ( Under Geneva Convention Protocol 1 (1977), only military - rather than civilian - objects are proper targets.
natural object
1. A person likely to receive a portion of another person's estate based on the nature and circumstances of their relationship. - Also termed natural object of bounty; natural object of one's bounty; natural object of testator's bounty. 2. NATURAL BOUNDARY. 3. NATURAL MONUMENT.
object
, ub. 1. To state in opposition; to put forward as an objection <the plaintiff objected that the defendant's discovery requests were overbroad>. 2. To state or put forward an objection, esp. to something in a judicial proceeding <the defense objected to the testimony on the ground that it was privileged >. - objector, n.
object of a right
The thing in respect of which a right exists; the subject matter of a right. -Also termed subject of a right. See SUBJECT OF A RIGHT.
object of the power
See permissible appointee under APPOINTEE.
object of the power of appointment
See permissible appointee under APPOINTEE.
object offense
The crime that is the object of the defendant's attempt, solicitation, conspiracy, or complicity. ( For example, murder is the object offense in a charge of attempted murder. - Also termed target offense.
objectant
See CONTESTANT.
objection in point of law
A defensive pleading by which the defendant admits the facts alleged by the plaintiff -but objects that they do not make out a legal claim.
objective ethics
See MORAL ABSOLUTISM.
objective meaning
See MEANING.
objective novation
See NOVATION.
objective standard
A legal standard that is based on conduct and perceptions external to a particular person. ( In tort law, for example, the reasonable-person standard is considered an objective standard because it does not require a determination of what the defendant was thinking.
objective theory of contract
The doctrine that a contract is not an agreement in the sense of a subjective meeting of the minds but is instead a series of external acts giving the objective semblance of agreement. - Often shortened to objective theory. Cf. SUBJECTIVE THEORY OF CONTRACT; MEETING OF THE MINDS.
preliminary objection
Int'L law. In a case before an international tribunal, an objection that, if upheld, would render further proceedings before the tribunal impossible or unnecessary. ( An objection to the court's jurisdiction is an example of a preliminary objection.
running objection
See continuing objection under OBJECTION.
speaking objection
. An objection that contains more information (often in the form of argument)- than needed by the judge to sustain or overrule it. a Many judges prohibit lawyers from using speaking objections, and sometimes even from stating the grounds for objections, because of the potential for influencing the jury.
speciftc objection.
An objection that is accompanied by a statement of one or more grounds in support of the objection.