Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
A 1970 federal statute that requires employers to (1) keep the workplace free from recognized hazards that cause or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees, and (2) comply with standards promulgated by the Secretary of Labor. - Abbr. OSHA (oh-shay.) "Although OSHA has been one of the most controversial pieces of protective legislation ever enacted, Congress has not passed any substantive amendments to the Act. There have been, however, some limitations on OSHA enforcement activity attached to appropriations bills. In addition, OSHA has been affected by newer laws such as the Criminal Fine Enforcement Act, the Equal Access to Justice Act, and the Surface Transportation Assistance Act .... The Act covers employment in every state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and all American territories, an estimated 5 million workplaces and 75 mullion employees." Mark A. Rothstein, Occupational Safety and Health Law 7 (1990).
Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
A federal agency that establishes and enforces health and safety standards in various industries. ( This agency, created in 1970 as part of the Labor Department, routinely conducts inspections of businesses and issues citations for noncompliance with its standards. -Abbr. OSHA.
bona fide occupational qualification.
An employment qualification that, although it may discriminate against a protected class (such as sex, religion, or national origin), relates to an essential job duty and is considered reasonably necessary to the operation of the particular business. 0 Such a qualification is not illegal under federal employment-discrimination laws. - Abbr. BFOQ. "The bona fide occupational qualification is a complete defense. It is invoked when the defendant makes a distinction expressly forbidden by Title VII, such as the refusal to hire women or women with preschool-age children, the reassignment of pregnant employees, or the exclusion of particular ethnic groups from particular jobs .... The employer's motivation for excluding the protected class is not significant in evaluating the BFOQ defense. The inquiry focuses on the necessity of using an expressly forbidden classification. The fact that the employer adopted the exclusion for invidious reasons, rather
nonoccupational,
adj. 1. Not relating to one's job. 2. Of or relating to a general-disability policy providing benefits to an individual whose disability prevents that individual from working at any occupation.
occupatio
. Roman law. A mode of acquisition by which a person obtains absolute title by first possessing a thing that previously belonged to no one, such as a fish in the sea or a wild bird.
occupation tax
An excise tax imposed for the privilege of carrying on a business, trade, or profession. & For example, many states require lawyers to pay an occupation tax. -Also termed occupational tax.
occupation.
1. An activity or pursuit in which a person is engaged; esp., a person's usual or principal work or business. 2. The possession, control, or use of real property; OCCUPANCY. 3. The seizure and control of a territory by military force; the condition of territory that has been placed under the authority of a hostile army. 4. The period during which territory seized by military force is held.
occupational discus
See occupational discus
occupational disease.
A disease that is contracted as a result of exposure to debilitating conditions or substances in the course of employment. ( Employees who suffer from occupational diseases are eligible for workers' compensation. Courts have construed the term to include a variety of ailments, including lung conditions (such as asbestosis or black lung), hearing loss, and carpal tunnel syndrome. -Also termed industrial disease. "Certain diseases and infirmities which develop gradually and imperceptibly as a result of engaging in particular employments and which are generally known and understood to be usual incidents or hazards thereof, are distinguished from those having a traumatic origin, or otherwise developing suddenly and unexpectedly, by the terms occupational,' and 'industrial.'" 82 Am. Jur. 2d Workers' Compensation ยง 326 (1992).
occupational hazard.
A danger or risk that is peculiar to a particular calling or occupation. ( Occupational hazards include both accidental injuries and occupational diseases.
occupational tax
. See occupation tax under TAX.
occupational-disability insurance.
See INSURANCE.
service-occupation tax
A tax imposed on persons who sell services, usu. computed as a percentage of net cost of the tangible personal property transferred as an incident to the sale.