Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

Dependent

n. 1. One who relies on another for support; one not able to exist or sustain oneself without the power or aid of someone else.

Dominium non potest esse in pendenti

The right of property cannot be in abeyance.

Fructus pendentes pars fundi videntur.

Hanging fruits are considered part of the parcel of land.

Independent

adj. 1. Not subject to the control or influence of another <independent investigation. 2. Not associated with another (often larger) entity <an independent subsidiary>. 3. Not dependent or contingent on something else <an independent person>.

Independent audit

an audit conducted by an outside person or firm not connected with the person or organization being audited.

Independenter se habet assecuratio a viaggio navis.

The route insured is distinct from the voyage of the ship.

Lawful dependent

See DEPENDENT.

Pendente lite nihil innovetur

During litigation, let nothing be changed.

administration pendente lite

An administration granted during the pendency of a suit concerning a will's validity. - Also termed pendente lite administration; special administration. See PENDENTE LITE

administration pendente lite.

See ADMINISTRATION.

administrator pendente lite

See special administrator.

administrator pendente lite.

See special administrator (2) under ADMINISTRATOR (1).

alimony pendente lite

see temporary alimony

allowance pendente lite

see alimony pendente lite under alimony.

child- and dependent-care tax credit

A tax credit available to a person who is employed full-time and who maintains a household for a dependent child or a disabled spouse or dependent.

dependent claim

A patent claim that refers to and further limits another claim or set of claims in the same patent application.

dependent condition

A mutual covenant that goes to the consideration on both sides of a contract.

dependent contract

A contract conditioned or dependent on another contract.

dependent covenant

A covenant that depends on a party's prior performance of some act or condition. ( Until the performance, the other party does not have to perform. Cf. concurrent covenant; independent covenant.

dependent coverage

See COVERAGE.

dependent intervening cause

A cause of an accident or injury that occurs between the defendant's behavior and the injurious result, but that does not change the defendant's liability.

dependent promise

A promise to be performed by a party only when another obligation has first been performed by another ply.

dependent relative revocation

The doctrine that regards as mutually dependent the acts of destroying a will and substituting a new one when both acts are the result of one plan, so that, if a testator fails to complete the substitution, it is presumed that the testator would have preferred the old will to take effect. ( This doctrine is a specific application of the rule that the testator's intent governs.

dependent state

See nonsouereagn state under STATE (1).

dified as supplemental jurisdiction. 28 USCA § 1367. - Also termed pendent-claim jurisdiction. See supplemental jurisdiction. Cf. ancillary jurisdiction.

fructus pendentes

[Latin "hanging fruits"] Fruits not yet severed or gathered; fruits united with that which produces them.

independent adjuster

See ADJUSTER.

independent adjuster.

An adjuster who solicits business from more than one insurance company; one who is not employed by, and does not work exclusively for, one insurance company.

independent advice

Counsel that is impartial and not given to further the interests of the person giving it. ( Whether a testator or donor received independent advice before making a disposition is often an important issue in an undue-influence challenge to the property disposition. - Also termed proper independent advice.

independent agency

See AGENCY (3).

independent agency.

a federal agency, commission, or board that is not under the direction of the executive, such as the federal trade commission or the national labor relations board. - also termed independent regulatory agency; independent regulatory commission.

independent agent

See AGENT.

independent audit

See AUDIT.

independent contract

See CONTRACT.

independent contractor

See INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR.

independent counsel

An attorney hired to provide an unbiased opinion about a lawsuit or to conduct an impartial investigation; esp., an attorney appointed by a governmental branch or agency to investigate alleged misconduct within that branch or agency. See special prosecutor under PROSECUTOR. Cf special counsel.

independent covenant

See COVENANT (I).

independent executor

An executor who, unlike an ordinary executor, can administer the estate with very little supervision by the probate court. ( Only a few states - mostly in the West and Southwest - allow testators to designate independent executors. - Also termed nonintervention executor.

independent intervening cause

See intervening cause under CAUSE (1). independent investigation committee See SPECIAL LITIGATION COMMITTEE.

independent personal representative

See personal representative.

independent probate

See informal probate under PROBATE.

independent promise

See unconditional promise.

independent regulatory agency

See independent agency under AGENCY (3).

independent regulatory commission

See independent agency under AGENCY (3).

independent state

See SOVEREIGN STATE.

independent union

A union that is not affiliated with a national or international union.

independent-significance doctrine

The principle that effect will be given to a testator's disposition that is not done solely to avoid the requirements of a will.

independent-source rule

Criminal procedure. The rule providing - as an exception to the fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine - that evidence obtained by illegal means may nonetheless be admissible if that evidence is also obtained by legal means unrelated to the original illegal conduct. See FRUIT-OF-THE-POISONOUSTREE DOCTRINE. CF INEVITABLE-DISCOVERY RULE.

lawful dependent

1. One who receives an allowance or benefits from the public, such as social security. 2. One who qualifies to receive a benefit from private funds as determined within the terms of the laws governing the distribution.

legal dependent

A person who is dependent according to the law; a person who derives principal support from another and usu. may invoke laws to enforce that support.