Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
A digniori fieri debet denominatio et resolutio
The denomination and explanation ought to be derived from the more worthy.
A rescriptis valet argumentum
An argument from rescripts (i.e., original writs in the register) is valid.
A responses
n. [law latin] se(, apocrisarius.
A summo remedio ad in feriorem actionem non habetur regressus neque auxilium
From the highest remedy to an inferior action there is no recourse or assistance.
Accounting Research Bulletin.
A publication containing accounting practices recommended by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. - Abbr. ARB.
Ad quaestiones facti non respondent judices; ad quaestiones legis non respondent juratores
Judges do not answer questions of fact; jurors do not answer questions of law.
Ad quaestiones legis judices, et non juratores, respondent
Judges, and not jurors, answer questions of law.
Aestimatio praeteriti delicti ex postremo facto nunquam crescit
The assessment of a past offense never increases from a subsequent fact.
Alienatio rei praefertur juri accrescendi
Alienation of property is favored over the right to accumulate.
Ambigua responsio contra proferentem est accipienda
An ambiguous answer is to be taken against the party who offers it.
Arbor dum crescit; lignum dum crescere nescit
It is a tree while it is growing; wood when it cannot grow.
Arrest
n. 1. A seizure or forcible restraint. 2. The taking or keeping of a person in custody by legal authority, esp. In response to a criminal charge. - arrest, vb.
Arrest in execution
see arrest on final process under arrest.
Arrest in execution.
See arrest on final process.
Arrest in quarters
see arrest on final process under arrest.
Arrest of inquest
a plea that a matter proposed for inquiry has already been investigated and should therefore not be reexamined.
Arrest of judgment
the staying of a judgment after its entry; esp., a court's refusal to render or enforce a judgment because of a defect apparent from the record. ( at common law, courts have the power to arrest judgment for intrinsic causes appearing on the record, as when the verdict differs materially from the pleadings or when the case alleged in the pleadings is legally insufficient. Today, this type of defect must typically be objected to before trial or before judgment is entered, so that the motion in arrest of judgment has been largely superseded. "an arrest of judgment [under common law] was the technical term describing the act of a trial judge refusing to enter judgment on the verdict because of an error appearing on the face of the record that rendered the judgment invalid." united states u. Sisson, 399 u.s. 267, 280-81, 90 s.ct. 2117, 2125 (1970).
Arrest on final process
hist. Arrest in a civil case after the conclusion of a trial. -also termed arrest in execution.
Arrest on mesne process
see arrest
Arrest on mesne process (meen).
hist. Arrest in a civil case before trial takes place .citizen's arrest. An arrest of a private person by another private person on grounds that (1) a public offense was committed in the arrester's presence, or (2) the arrester has reasonable cause to believe that the arrestee has committed a felony.
Arrest record
1. A form completed by a police officer when a person is arrested. 2. A cumulative list of the instances when a person has been arrested. - also termed police blotter; bench blotter; blotter
Arrest warrant
see warrant (1).
Arrestable offense
see offense (1).
Arrestandis bonis ne dissipentur
see de arrestandis bonis ne dissipentur.
Arrestando ipsum qui pecuniam receipt
see de arrestando ipsum qui pecuniam recepit.
Arrestatio
n. [law latin] hist. An arrest.
Arresto facto super bonis mercatorum alienigenorum
[latin "seizure of the goods of foreign merchants"] hist. A writ to seize the goods of an alien, taken in recompense of goods taken from an english subject living abroad.
Artificial presumption.
See presumption of law under presumption
As their interests may appear
see atima.
Assisa de foresta
n. ; l:,v latin "assize of the forest"] hist. A statu?r concerning orders to be observed in the roya forest. - also termed ordinatio forestap; nssisr~ forestae.
Assisa forestae
see assisa ed forestae
Assize of darrein presentment
n. [fr. French dernier pr6sentation "last presentment"] hist. A writ of assize allowing a person with a right of advowson that has been disturbed by another claimant to have a jury determine who had the last right to present a clerk to a benefice and then to allow that person to present again and to recover damages for interference. ( this was abolished by the real property limitation act of 1833 and was replaced by the quare impedit action. - also termed darreign presentment; assize of last presentation; assisa ultimae praesentationis; assize de ultima presentatione. - also spelled darreign. See advowson; quare impedit.
Assize of fresh force
hist. A writ available in urban areas to disseise another's land. (This writ is so called because it was available only within the first 40 days after title accrued to the person seeking it. - also termed assisa friscae fortiae
Auction with reserve
an auction in which the property will not be sold unless the highest bid exceeds a minimum price. See with reserve.
Auction without reserve
an auction in which the property will be sold to the highest bidder, no minimum price will limit bidding, the owner may not withdraw property after the first bid is received, the owner may not reject any bids, and the owner may not nullify the bidding by outbidding all other bidders. ( in an auction without reserve, the owner essentially becomes an offer or, and each successively higher bid creates a contingent contract, with the highest bid creating an enforceable agreement. - also termed absolute auction. See without reserve.
Audit response
a letter that an attorney provides to a client's financial auditors, usu. At the client's request, regarding matters such as pending or threatened litigation. ( audit responses should comply with the american bar association's statement of policy regarding lawyer's responses to auditors' requests for information, published in december 1975. -also termed audit-letter response. See audit letter.
Authority coupled with an interest
authority given to an agent for valuable consideration. ( this authority cannot be unilaterally terminated by the principal.
Authorized shares
see capital stock (1) under stock.
Bad-debt reserve
see reserve
Benedicta est expositio quando res redimitur a destructione
Blessed is the exposition when a thing is saved from destruction.
Beneficial interest
a right or expectancy in something (such as a trust or an estate), as opposed to legal title to that thing. ( for example, a person with a beneficial interest in a trust receives income from the trust but does not hold legal title to the trust property. Beneficial owner see owner.
Benigne faciendae sunt interpretationes propter simplicitatem laicorum, ut res magis valeat quam pereat; et verba intentioni, non a contra, debent inservire
Constructions (of written instruments) are to be made liberally, for the simplicity of laymen, in order that the matter may have effect rather than fail (or become void); and words must be subject to the intention, not the intention to the words.
Benigne faciendae sunt interpretations chartarum, ut res magis valeat quam pereat; et quaelibet concessio fortissime contra donatorem interpretanda est
Deeds should be subject to liberal interpretation, so that the matter may take effect rather than fail; and every grant is to be taken most strongly against the grantor.
Bigamus seu trigamus, etc., est qui diversis temporibus et successive duas seu tres uxores habuit
A bigamus or trigamus, etc., is one who has had two or more wives in succession, each at a different time. 3 Co. Inst. 88.
Boston interest
Interest computed by using a 30-day month rather than the exact number of days in the month. - Also termed New York interest.
Certa debet esse intentio et narratio et certum fundamentum et certa res quae deducitur in judicium
The design and narration ought to be certain, the foundation certain, and the matter certain that is brought into court to be tried.
Civil arrest
hist. An arrest and detention of a civil-suit defendant until bail is posted or a judgment is paid. ( civil arrest is prohibited in most states.
Clausula generalis de residuo non ea complectitur quae non ejusdem sint generis cum its quae speciatim dicta fuerant
A general clause of remainder does not embrace those things that are not of the same kind as those that had been specially mentioned.
Clausula generalis non refertur ad expressa
A general clause does not refer to things expressly mentioned.
Code of Professional Responsibility
See MODEL CODE OF PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY.