Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Ad offxcium justiciariorum spectat unicuique coram eis placitanti justitiam exhibere
It is the duty of justices to administer justice to everyone pleading before them.
BCD special court-martial
A special court-martial in which a possible punishment is a bad-conduct discharge (a "BCD").
Causa Proxima non remota spectatur
The immediate and not the remote cause is considered.
Circumspecte agatis
[Latin "that you act circumspectly"] Hist. A directive from the king to his justices detailing the boundaries of ecclesiastical jurisdiction. e The directive, issued circa 1285, was originally in the form of a writ, but over time acquired statutory authority. The title Circumspecte agatis derives from the first few words of the writ: "Rex talibus judieibus salutem; Circumspecte agatis . . . . "
Clausula generalis de residuo non ea complectitur quae non ejusdem sint generis cum its quae speciatim dicta fuerant
A general clause of remainder does not embrace those things that are not of the same kind as those that had been specially mentioned.
Consuetudo et communis assuetudo vincit legem non scriptam, si sit specialis; et interpretatur legem scriptam, si lex sit generalis
Custom and common usage overcome the unwritten law if it is special; and interpret the written law if the law is general.
De jure decimarum, originem ducens de jure patronatus, tunc cognitio spectat at legem civilem, i.e., communem
With regard to the right of tithes, deducing its origin from the right of the patron, then the cognizance of them belongs to the civil law, i.e., common law.
Factum a judice quod ad ejus officium non spectat, non ratum est
A judge's act that does not pertain to his office is of no force.
Flyspeck
n. Insurance. A potential trivial defect in title to real property, as a result of which a title-insurance company is likely to exclude any risk from that defect before issuing a policy. -flyspeck, vb.
Generalia praecedunt, specialia sequuntur.
Things general precede; things special follow.
Generalia specialibus non derogant
Things general do not restrict (or detract from) things special.
Generalibus specialia derogant
Things special restrict things general.
Generalis clausula non porrigitur ad ea quae antea specialiter sunt comprehensa
A general clause does not extend to those things that have been previously provided for specifically.
Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction.
An international convention (established in 1980) that seeks to counteract child-snatching by noncustodici. ;;-rents. a The Hague Convention is a priva . ! legal mechanism available to parents seekhig the return of, or access to, their children. More than 46 countries are parties to the Convention, including the United States, which became a signatory on July 1, 1988.
In ambiguis orationibus maxime sententia spectanda est ejus qui eas protulisset
In ambiguous expressions, the opinion (or meaning) of the person who made them is chiefly to be regarded.
In conventionibus, contrahentium voluntas potius quam verba spectari placuit.
In agreements, the intention of the contracting parties should be regarded more than their, words.
In maleficiis voluntas spectatur, non exitus.
In criminal offenses, the intention is regarded, not the event.
In omnibus quidem, maxime tamen injure, aequitas spectanda sit
In all affairs indeed, but especially in those that concern the administration of justice, equity should be regarded.
In stipulationibus id tempus spectatur quo contrahimus.
In agreements, there is regard to the time at which we reach agreement.
Incivile est, nisi tota lege prospecta, una aliqua particula ejus proposita, judicare vel respondere
It is improper, unless the whole law has been examined, to give judgment or advice upon any single clause of it.
Incivile est, nisi tota sententia inspecta, de aliqua parte judicare
It is improper to give an opinion on any part of a passage without examining the whole.
Injustum est, nisi tota lege inspecta, de una aliqua ejus particula proposita judicare vel respondere
It is unjust to give judgment or opinion concerning any particular clause of a law without having examined the whole law.
Inspection search
See administrative search under SEARCH.
Inspector
1. A person authorized to inspect something. 2. A police officer who ranks below a superintendent or deputy superintendent, and who is in charge of several precincts.
Judex aequitatem semper spectare debet
A judge ought always to regard equity.
Jura regis specialia non conceduntur per generalia verba
The special rights of the king are not granted by general words.
Juratores debent esse vicini, sufcientes et minus suspecti
Jurors ought to be neighbors, of sufficient means and free from suspicion (literally, less suspected).
Justitia non novit patrem nec matrem, solum veritatem spectat justitia
Justice knows neither father nor mother; justice looks to truth alone.
Lex spectat naturae ordinem
The law regards the order of nature.
Libertates regales ad coronam spectantes ex concessione regum a corona exierunt
Royal franchises relating to the Crown have emanated from the Crown by grant of kings.
Mens testatoris in testamentis spectanda est
In wills, the intention of the testator is to be regarded.
Non dubitatur, etsi specialiter venditor evictionem non promiserit, re evicta, ex empto competere actionem
It is certain that even if the vendor has not given a special guarantee, an action ex empto lies against him, if the purchaser is evicted.
Nulla curia quae recordum non habet potest imponere finem neque aliquem rnandare carceri; quia ista spectant tantummodo ad curias de recordo
No court that does not have a record can impose a fine or commit any person to prison; because those powers look only to courts of record.
Prospective
adj. 1. Effective or operative in the future < prospective application of the new atute>. Cf. RETROACTIVE. 2. Anticipated or expected; likely to come about <prospective clients >
Prospectus
A printed document
Quam rationabilis debet esse finis, non detnitur, sed omnibus circumstantiis inspectis pendet ex justiciariorum discretione
How reasonable a fine should be is not defined, but depends on the discretion of the judges, after all the circumstances have been considered.
Quando charta continet generalem clausulam, posteaque descendit ad verba specialia quae clausulae generali sunt consentanea, interpretanda est charta secundum verba specialia
When a deed contains a general clause, and afterwards descends to special words that are consistent with the general clause, the deed is to be construed according to the special words.
Quando lex est specialis, ratio autem generalis, generaliter lex est intelligenda
When the law is special, but its reason is general, the law is to be understood generally.
Quando verba statuti sunt specialia, ratio autem generalis, generaliter statutum est intelligendum
When the words of a statute are special, but the reason for it general, the statute is to be construed generally.
Res generalem habet signiicationem, quia tam corporea, quam incorporea, cuJuscunque sunt generis naturae sive speciei, comprehendit
The word "things" has a general signification, because it comprehends corporeal as well as incorporeal objects, of whatever sort, nature, or species.
Saturday-night special
1. A handgun that is easily obtained and concealed. 2. Corporations. A surprise tender offer typically held open for a limited offering period (such as one week) to maximize pressure on a shareholder to accept. ( These tender offers are now effectively prohibited by section 14(e) of the Williams Act. 15 USCA § 78n(e).
Semper specialia generalibus insunt
Special clauses are always included in general ones.
Special
adj. 1. Of, relating to, or designating a species, kind, or individual thing. 2. (Of a statute, rule, etc.) designed for a particular purpose. 3. (Of powers, etc.) unusual; extraordinary.
Special assessment
the assessment of a tax on property that benefits in some important way from a public improvement. - also termed assessment for benefits. 3. Official valuation of property for purposes of taxation <assessment of the beach house>.
Special assumpsit.
s an action based on the defendant's breach of an express contract. -also termed express assumpsit."special assumpsit lies for the recovery of damages for the breach of simple contract, either express or implied in fact. The term 'special contract' is often used to denote an express or explicit contract as contrasted with a promise implied in law." benjamin j. Shipman, handbook of common-law pleading § 58, at 148 (henry winthrop ballantine ed., 3d ed. 1923).
Special authority
authority limited to an individual transaction.
Special bailiff
hist. A deputy sheriff ap-pointed at a litigant's request to serve execute some writ or process related to the lawsuit.
Specialist
1 A lawyer who has been boardcertified in a specific field of law. See BOARD OF LEGAL SPECIALIZATION. 2. Securities. A securities-exchange member who makes a market in one or more listed securities. ( The exchange assigns securities to various specialists and expects them to maintain a fair and orderly market as provided by SEC standards.
Specialty
1 See contract under seal under CONTRACT. 2. See DOCTRINE OF SPECIALTY. 3. Eminent domain. Unique property (such as a church or cemetery) that is essentially not marketable, so that its value for condemnation purposes is determined by measuring the property's reproduction cost less any depreciation. - Also termed (in sense 3) specialty property.
Specialty bar
a voluntary bar association for lawyers with special interests, specific backgrounds, or common practices.