Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Benignior sententia in verbis generalibus seu dubiis est preferenda
The more favorable construction is to be preferred in general or doubtful expressions.
Concubinatus
[Latin "concubinage"] Roman law. A permanent, monogamous union of a man and a woman who are not legally married. 0 Concubinatus was not prohibited by law, but carried fewer benefits than a legal marriage. Cf. JUSTAE NUPTIAE."[Cloncubinage (concubinatus) ... was something to which we have no precise analogue in modern law, for, so far from being prohibited by the law, it was regulated thereby, being treated as a lawful connexion. It is almost a sort of unequal marriage (and is practically so described by some of the jurists) existing between persons of different station - the man of superior rank, the woman of a rank so much inferior that it is not to be presumed that his union with her was intended to be a marriage." James Bryce, "Marriage and Divorce under Roman and English Law," in 3 Select Essays in AngloAmerican Legal History 806-07 (1909).
Confirmatio est nulla ubi donum praecedens est invalidum
A confirmation is null where the preceding gift is invalid.
Consensus, non concubitus, facit matrimonium.
Consent, not coition (or sharing a bed), constitutes marriage.
Consentire matrimonio non possunt infra (ante) annos nubiles.
Persons cannot consent to marriage before marriageable years.
Constitutum esse eam domum unicuique nostrum debere existimari, ubi quisque sedes et tabulas haberet, suarumque rerum constitutionem fecisset.
It is a settled principle that what ought to be considered the home of each of us is where he has his dwelling, keeps his records, and has established his business.
Debet quis juri subjacere ubi delinquit
Any offender should be subject to the law of the place where he offends.
Decimae non debent solvi ubi non est annua renovatio, et ex annuatis renovantibus simul semel
Tithes ought not to be paid where there is not an annual renovation, and from annual renovations once enly.
Fictio juris non est ubi veritas
Where truth is, fiction of law does not exist.
Furtum non est ubi initium habet detentionis per dominium rei
There is not theft where the holder has a beginning of detention (began holding the object) through ownership of the thing.
IN semper debet fieri triatio ubi juratores meliorem possunt habere notitiam
A trial should always be held where the jurors can have the best information.
Ignorantia praesumitur ubi scientia non probatur
Ignorance is presumed where knowledge is not proved.
In dubiis benigniora praeferenda sunt.
In doubtful cases, the more liberal constructions are to be preferred.
In dubiis magis dignum est accipiendum.
In doubtful cases, the more worthy is to be accepted.
In dubiis non praesumitur pro testamento.
In doubtful cases, there is not presumption in favor of the will.
In dubio, haec legis constructio quam verba ostendunt.
In a doubtful case, the construction of the law is what the words indicate.
In dubio, pars mitior est sequenda.
In a doubtful case, the gentler course is to be followed.
In dubio, pro lege fori.
In a doubtful case, the law of the forum (is to be favored).
In dubio, sequendum quod tutius est.
In a doubtful case, the safer course is to be followed.
In omni actione ubi duae concurrunt districtiones, videlicet in rem et in personam, illa districtio tenenda est quae magis timetur et magis ligat
In every action where two distresses (or forms of distraint) concur, that is in rem and in personam, the distraint is to be chosen that is more dreaded and that binds more firmly. Bracton 372.
In re dubia benigniorem interpretationem sequi non minus justius est quam tutius
In a doubtful matter, to follow the more liberal interpretation is as much the more just as it is the safer course.
In re dubia magis infitiatio quam afrmatio intelligenda
In a doubtful 'matter, the negation is to be understood rather than the affirmation.
Lex fingit ubi subsistit aequitas
Law creates a fiction where equity abides.
Maihemium est membri mutilatio, et dici poterit, ubi aliquis in aliqua parte sui corporis efectus sit inutilis ad pugnandum
Mayhem is the mutilation of a limb, and can be said (to occur) when a person is injured in any part of his body so as to be useless in a fight.
Melior est conditio possidentis, ubi neuter jus habet
Better is the condition of the possessor where neither of the two has the right.
Misera est servitus ubi jus est vagum aut incertum
It is a miserable slavery where the law is vague or uncertain.
Nobiliores et benigniores praesumptiones in dubiis sunt praeferendae
When in doubt, the more generous and kind presumptions are to be preferred.
Non dubitatur, etsi specialiter venditor evictionem non promiserit, re evicta, ex empto competere actionem
It is certain that even if the vendor has not given a special guarantee, an action ex empto lies against him, if the purchaser is evicted.
Non est consonum rationi quod cognitio accessorii in curia christianitatis impediatur, ubi cognitio causae principalis ad forum ecclesiasticum noscitur pertinere
It is unreasonable that the cognizance of an accessory matter should be impeded in an ecclesiastical court, when the cognizance of the principal cause is admitted to appertain to an ecclesiastical court.
Non sunt longa ubi nihil est quod demere
possis. There is no prolixity where there is nothing that you can omit.
Nudum pactum est ubi nulla subest causa praeter conventionem; sed ubi subest causa, fit obligatio, et parit actionem
Naked agreement (nudum pactum) is where there is no consideration besides the agreement; but when there is a consideration, an obligation is created and it gives a right of action.
Nullus debet agere de dolo, ubi alia actio subset
Where another form of action is given, no one ought to sue in the action de dolo.
Nunquam decurritur ad extraordinarium sed ubi deficit ordinarium
One never resorts to the extraordinary but when the ordinary fails.
Nunquam res humanae prospere succedunt ubi negliguntur divinae
Human affairs never prosper when divine ones are neglected.
Nuptias non concubitus sed consensus facit
Not sharing a bed but consent makes the marriage.
Pacta quae contra leges constitutionesque vel contra bonos mores fount nullam vim habere, indubitati juris est
It is a matter of unquestionable law that contracts against the laws and statutes, or against moral standards, have no force.
Privatis pactionibus non dubium est non laedi jus caeterorum
There is no doubt that the rights of others (not party to the agreement) cannot be prejudiced by private agreements.
Quae dubitationis causa tollendae inseruntur communem legem non laedunt
Whatever is inserted for the purpose of removing doubt does not hurt the common law.
Quae dubitationis tollendae causa contractibus inseruntur jus commune non laedunt
Clauses inserted in agreements to remove ambiguity do not prejudice the general law. Dig. 50.17.81.
Quaeras de dubiis, legem bene discere si vis
Inquire into doubtful points if you wish to understand the law well.
Quaere de dubiis, quia per rationes pervenitur ad legitimam rationem
Inquire into doubtful points, because through reasoning we arrive at legal reason.
Qui tacet consentire videtur ubi tractatur de ejus commodo
A party who is silent is considered as assenting, when his advantage is debated.
Quod dubitas, ne feceris
When in doubt, do not do it.
Quod subintelligitur non deest
What is understood is not lacking.
Quotiens dubia interpretatio libertatis est, secundum libertatem respondendum erit
Whenever there is an interpretation doubtful as to liberty (or slavery), the decision must be in favor of liberty.
Reputatio est vulgaris opinio ubi non est veritas
Reputation is a common opinion where there is no certain knowledge.
Res est misera ubi jus est vagum et incertum
It is a miserable state of things where the law is vague and uncertain.
Saepenumero ubi proprietas verborum attenditur, sensus veritatis amittitur
Frequently where propriety of words is given attention, the meaning of truth is lost.
Salus ubi multi consiliarii
Where there are many counselors, there is safety.
Semper in dubiis benigniora praeferenda sunt
In dubious cases, the more favorable constructions are always to be preferred.