Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Act of Union
Any of several acts of Parliament uniting various parts of Great Britain. 0 The term applies to (1) the Laws in Wales Act (1535), which united Wales with England and made that principality subject to English law, and (2) the Union with Ireland Act (1800), which abolished the Irish Parliament and incorporated Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It is also, but quite mistakenly, used in reference to the Union with Scotland in 1707, which was not made by statute but by treaty, approved by separate acts of Parliament of Scotland and of England, which by the treaty dissolved themselves and created the new state of Great Britain with one parliament, the Parliament of Great Britain.
Articles of union
hist. The 25 articles agreed to by the english and scottish parliaments in 1707 for the union of the two kingdoms.
European Union
An association of European nations, with the purpose of achieving full economic unity (and eventual political union) by agreeing to eliminate barriers to the free movement of capital, goods, and labor among the member-nations. ( The European Union was formed as the European Economic Community (EEC) by the Treaty of Rome in 1957, and later renamed the European Community (EC). The European Community became the European Union when the Maastricht Treaty on European Union took effect in November 1993. As of 1999, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden had full membership privileges. - Abbr. EU.
Nemo debet in communione invitus teneri
No one should be retained in a partnership against his will.
State of the Union
See Presidential message under MESSAGE.
Union
n. An organization formed to negotiate with employers, on behalf of workers collectively, about job-related issues such as salary, benefits, hours, and working conditions. ( Unions generally represent skilled workers in trades and crafts. - Also termed labor union; labor organization; organization. - unionize, vb. -unionist, n.
Union Jack
The common name of the national flag of the United Kingdom, combining the national flags of England, Scotland, and Ire- land. ( The Union Jack was originally a small union flag flown from the jack-staff at the bow of a vessel. It is different from the Royal Standard, which bears the royal arms and is the Queen's personal flag.
american civil liberties union
a national organization whose primary purpose is to help enforce and preserve individual rights and liberties guaranteed by federal and state constitutions. - abbr. aclu.
certification of labor union
See UNION CERTIFICATION.
closed union
A union with restrictive membership requirements, such as high dues andlong apprenticeship periods. Cf. closed shop under SHOP.
closed union.
See UNION,
communio bonorum
[Latin "community of goods"] Civil law. Commonly owned goods, esp. those held in common by a husband and wife.
company union
1. A union whose membership is limited to the employees of a single company. 2. A union under company domination.
craft union
A union composed of workers in the same trade or craft, such as carpentry or plumbing, regardless of the industry in which they work. - Also termed horizontal union.
credit union
A cooperative association that offers low-interest loans and other consumer banking services to persons sharing a common bond - often fellow employees and their family members. ( Most credit unions are regulated by the National Credit Union Administration. State-chartered credit unions are also subject to regulation by the chartering state, and they may be regulated by state banking boards. "Credit unions were the last major thrift institutions developed in the United States . . . . What distinguished credit unions from mutual savings banks and savings and loan associations was their emphasis on a common bond of workers, church members, or people in a local area, wanting to borrow relatively small amounts at reasonable interest rates from each other, and help each other save to meet these short-term needs. Their goal was to provide a low interest rate alternative (6-9 percent and preferably the lower) to loan sharks and pawnbrokers." William A. Lovett, Banking and Financial Institutions Law in a Nutshell 284 (1997).
customs union
Int'l law. A combination of two or more countries within a single customs area with a common external tariff, though each participating country remains politically independent. 9 The effect is that tariffs originally levied on the traffic of goods between those countries are abolished or else successively dismantled according to an agreed-upon scheme, and that common tariffs are imposed on imports from non-members.
federal labor union
A local union directly chartered by the AF1rCI0. horizontal union. See craft union.
horizontal union.
See craft union under UNION,
hot-cargo agreement. Labor law. A voluntary agreement between a union and a neutral employer by which the latter agrees to exert pressure on another employer with whom the union has a dispute, as by c
See LANDRUM-GRIFFIN ACT.
independent union
A union that is not affiliated with a national or international union.
industrial union
A union composed of workers in the same industry, such as shipbuilding or automobile manufacturing, regardless of their particular trade or craft. -Also termed vertical union.
industrial union.
See UNION,
innocent junior user.
Trademarks. A person who, without any actual or constructive knowledge, uses a trademark that has been previously used in a geographically distant market, and who may continue to use the trademark in a limited geographic area as long as the senior user does not use the mark there.
international union
A parent union with affiliates in other countries.
junior bond
A bond subordinate in priority to another bond.
junior counsel
1 The younger or lowerranking of two or more attorneys employed on the same side of a case, esp. someone charged with the less important aspects of the case. 2. English law. The barrister who assists Queen's Counsel.
junior creditor
A creditor whose claim accrued after that of another creditor; a creditor who holds a debt that is subordinate to another's.
junior execution
See EXECUTION.
junior interest
An interest that is subordinate to a senior interest.
junior lien
A lien that is subordinate to one or more other liens on the same property. laborer's lienSee mechanic's lien.
junior mortgage
See MORTGAGE.
junior partner
See PARTNER.
junior partner.
A partner whose participation is limited with respect to both profits and management.
junior security
See SECURITY,
junior writ
A writ issued at a later time than a similar writ, such as a later writ issued by a different party or a later writ on a different claim against the same defendant.
junior, adj
Lower in rank or standing; subordinate <a junior interest>.
labor union
See UNION. lacca. See LACTA.
local union
See UNION,
multicraft union
A union composed of workers in different industries.
national union
A parent union with locals in various parts of the United States.
nonunion
adj. 1. (Of a person or thing) not belonging to or affiliated with a labor union <a nonunion worker> <a nonunion contract>. 2. (Of a position or belief) not favoring labor unions <she will not alter her nonunion stance>. 3. (Of a product) not made by laborunion members <the equipment was of nonunion manufacture>.
open union
A union with minimal membership requirements. Cf. open shop under SHOP.
pateat unioersis per praesentes
[Law Latin] Let it be open to all men by these presents. Cf. KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS; NOVERINT UNIVERSI PER PRAESENTES.
trade union
A union composed of workers of the same or of several allied trades; a craft union.
unio
Eccles. law. A consolidation of two churches into one.
union certification
A determination by the National Labor Relations Board or a state agency that a particular union qualifies as the bargaining representative for a segment of a company's workers - a bargaining unit -because it has the support of a majority of the workers in the unit. - Also termed certification of bargaining agent; certification of labor union.
union contract
See LABOR AGREEMENT.
union givebacks
See CONCESSION BARGAINING.
union mortgage clause
See standard mortgage clause under MORTGAGE CLAUSE. union rate See RATE.
union rate
The wage scale set by a union as a minimum wage to be paid and usu. expressed as an hourly rate or piecework rate. 3. INTEREST RATE <the rate on the loan increases by 2% after five years>. 4. English law. A sum assessed or payable to the local government in the place where a ratepayer dwells or has property. See RATEPAYER. -rate, vb.