Characteristics

The execution of document attributes signing in presence of attesting witnesses including all requisite formalities which may be necessary to render the document valid

While the fundamental and elemental condition of valid attestation is that two or more witnesses signed the instruments in presence of the executants

This stringent condition mentioned in Art.79 of the Qanun-e-Shahadat, 1984 is uncompromising

So long as the attesting witnesses are alive, capable of giving evidence and subject to the process of Court, no document can be used in evidence without the evidence of such attesting witnesses

The provision of this Article is mandatory and noncompliance will render the document inadmissible in evidence

If the execution of a document is specifically denied, the best course is to call the attesting witnesses to prove the execution

When the evidence brought forward by a party to prove the execution of a document is contradictory or paradoxical to the claim lodged in the suit, or is inadmissible, such evidence would have no legal sanctity or weightage.

Payment/contribution would qualify as a fee if it was for specific purpose and possessed the element of quid pro quo.