Minor

Concept of next friend or guardian for the suit is to provide proper representation to a minor or a person with unsound mind during litigation, in order to protect his interests; therefore, their role is limited to the particular litigation or legal action for which they are appointed

Guardian for the suit is also called as "Guardian ad Litem"; the Latin term "ad litem" means "for the lawsuit"

Thus, guardian for the suit is appointed by a court specifically for the duration of legal proceedings and his role is temporary and limited to the particular lawsuit or legal matter

This might involve making decisions about litigation, settlement or other legal strategies

A guardian of the person or property of a minor or a person of unsound mind, on the other hand, is a person legally appointed to manage all the affairs of another person

Such a guardian has the authority to make decisions on behalf of the said person in various aspects of life, including financial, medical, and personal matters.

Minor can enforce contract made in his favour for a valuable consideration, especially when no liability is to be incurred by him

Minor being beneficiary of agreement, S.11 of Contract Act, 1872, would not impair his rights and interests

Minor is not debarred from acquiring title to anything valuable.

Minor had been defined in S.299(1), P.P.C. a person who was not adult and "adult" had been defined in cl.(a) of S.299 as a person who had attained the age of eighteen years

Section 308, P.P.C. provided punishment in Qatl-e-Amd not liable to Qisas

Where an accused guilty of Qatl-e-Amd was not liable to Qisas under S.306, -P.P.C. or Qisas was not enforceable under S.307(c), P.P.C. he shall be liable to Diyat if at the time of committing Qatl-e-Amd the accused was minor; had attained sufficient maturity or being in same had a lucid interval, so as to be able to realize the consequences of his act, he may also be punished with imprisonment of either description for terms which may extend to fourteen years as Ta'zir; in addition to Diyat

Accused, in the present case, was minor at the time of occurrence, his conviction under S.302(c) read with 5.308, P.P.C. was maintained by High Court but sentence of imprisonment for life was altered to ten years'R.I. and to pay Rs.1,90,000 as Diyat .in circumstances.

Rule 25-Merely discretionary- Member, Board of Revenue being satisfied as to minor appellant having been properly represented and his cane not going by default, appointment of guardian ad litem, held, not necessary-Minor appellant's father knowing his son having been impleaded in Revision before Member, Board of Revenue, filing power of attorney on behalf of minor, and himself representing his minor son in consolidation proceedings as natural guardian, no prejudice, held, caused to minor appellant

Appellant also found to rave not suffered any harm

Order of Member, Board of Revenue, held, not without lawful authority in circumstances.

S. 65 and Specific Relief Act (I of 1877), S. 41 read with Transfer of Property Act (IV of 1882), Ss. 83 & 84 - Mortgage - Minor - Misrepresentation - Minor entering into mortgage fraudulently representing as to his age and subsequently bringing action for restitution of mortgaged property-Restitution of property to be ordered-Minor must, however, be made to refund consideration-Maxim : He who seeks equity must do equity.

Minor - Sale-deed signed by alleged guardian not as guardian or representative of minors-Document operative as if executed by guardian in individual capacity-Minor's interests remain unaffected.

Minor Contract entered into on behalf of and for benefit of, by father-Valid-Contract Act (IX of 1872), S. 11.

Minor Offspring of Muslim father and Jewess mother-Welfare of minors-Improper to hand over to mother who was of Indian nationality and was residing in India—

Suing, on attaining majority, to set aside decree against him, in suit, by his guardian appointed by Court-Suit can succeed only on proof of gross negligence by guardian in conduct of suit.

Minor-Collector's duty to find a Sarbarah to act in minor's behalf. It is not enough for the Collector to wait for a Sarbarah for a minor Lambardar being produced by the relatives of a minor.

Guardian under Mohammedan Law and guardian appointed by Court-Self-constituted guardian-Scope of authority-Transfer of minor's property by self-constituted guardian void.

Minor Minor-Suing to set aside decree and sale in execution thereof-Irregularity in appointment of guardian ad litem -Decree will not be set aside unless minor establishes prejudice.

Contract Act (IX of 1872), Ss. 64, 65, Specific Relief Art (1 of 1877), S. 41.