Presumptions

While interpreting a statute or discovering legislative intent, it is presumed by Court that mistake or absurdity cannot be attributed to Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)

No legislation can be interpreted in such a manner which has effect of defeating public interest or protecting personal interests of a few in disregard or derogation of interests of public at large.

National Accountability Bureau (NAB) is not absolved of its responsibility to prove case against accused as presumption of innocence always lies in favour of accused person

Onus shifts only after initial discharge of burden by prosecution.

Courts are allowed under Art.129 of Qanun-e-Shahadat, 1984, to presume existence of any fact, which it thinks likely to have happened with regard to common course of natural events and human conduct in relation to the facts of particular case.

Pre-arrest bail-Presumptions-Concept of pre-arrest bail was based on three presumptions, firstly that the accused was presumed to be innocent until he was found guilty; secondly, that the accused should have a right to prepare his defence and prove his innocence before the Trial Court, and thirdly that accused should not be punished before the finding of conviction rendered by the court.

Filing of ordinary suit based on negotiable instrument in no manner deprived plaintiff of the benefits of statutory presumptions attached to negotiable instrument under S.118 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

All cheques and pay orders i.e. loan amount, were debited/shown in statements of accounts

Loan amount was not only acknowledged by issuing five cheques but also acknowledged the same in writing on stamp papers, which were not only signed and executed by defendants but also attested by Notary Public and Justice of Peace

Averments made in plaint, affidavit-in-ex-parte proof and documents produced by plaintiff in his deposition had gone un-rebutted/un-challenged and plaintiff had fully succeeded to establish his claim against defendants

Suit was decreed in circumstances.