1995 PLP 228 (PLC)

Abdul Wahid Khan assisted by Dost Muhammad and Shah Nawaz Khan Sikandari for Petitioner. Faizullah Khan Sadozai for Respondents Nos. 4 to

6. Date of hearing: 19th December, 1994. SARDAR MUHAMMAD RAZA KHAN, J.‑‑‑Khalid Nawaz Khan appointed as Postman at Bannu on 1‑7‑1991, regularised on 10‑6‑1992, his services were terminated on 22‑6‑1992 and hence under section 25‑A of the Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969, he made a grievance petition before the Presiding Officer, Labour Court, Bannu.

2. Vide his order dated 24‑2‑1993, the Labour Court reinstated Khalid Nawaz Khan with full back benefits and rejected the argument that the postman was a "civil servant" and that the Labour Court had no jurisdiction to try the matter. The Chairman, Pakistan Postal Services Corporation, Islamabad and others went in appeal before the Chairman, Labour Appellate Tribunal N.‑W.F.P., Peshawar, who, vide his judgment dated 10‑6‑1993, accepted the appeal holding that the postman was a "civil servant" and that the Labour Court had no jurisdiction to entertain the grievance petition. Khalid Nawaz Khan has challenged such verdict before this Court under its Constitutional jurisdiction flowing from Article 199.

3. It is to be stated at the very outset and we feel concerned about it that the Labour Court had decided the petition on merits as well as on the question of jurisdiction but before the learned Labour Appellate Tribunal, the learned counsel did not agitate the merits and confined himself to the question of jurisdiction. This would lead to an inference that the learned counsel had nothing to say on merits and thus had chosen the singular argument about jurisdiction. One cannot say that he was so sure of the point of jurisdiction that he attached least importance to any other issue. The arguments addressed before us have led us to conclude altogether differently.

4. The learned Appellate Tribunal was of the view that a postman is a "civil servant:" For that purpose the Hon'ble Tribunal referred to the definition of civil servant as provided in Civil Servant Act, 1973. The reproduction of such definition in para. No. 5 of the impugned judgment would reveal that the learned counsel had failed to assist the Hon'ble Tribunal in a proper manner and even the complete definition of the word "civil servant" was not unfolded before the Hon'ble Tribunal. Section (1)(b)(iii) of the Civil Servants Act, 1973 would suggest that a civil servant is the one whose characteristics are given in portion (b) of the section but it does not include (as per portion iii) a "worker" or "workman" as defined in the Factories Act, 1934 or the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923.

5. Adverting to the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923, the definition of "workman" is provided in section 2(1)(n) sub‑clause (i), meaning any person who is excluded under sub‑clause (n) and who also is ‑not employed in any capacity as is specified in Schedule (II) of the Act. The schedule at Sr. No:(XIII) clearly provides that a person employed in any occupation ordinarily involving outdoor work in the, Posts and Telegraphs Department, is a "workman". One does not require any amount of effort to know that the only person entrusted with outdoor work in the Posts and Telegraphs Department is most certainly a "Postman", if not anyone else as well. The above probe through definition of the word "civil servant" has brought us to a definite conclusion that a "workman" is not a civil servant and that a postman is decidedly a "workman". The learned Labour Court had the jurisdiction to entertain the grievance petition under section 25‑A of the Industrial Relations Ordinance. The Hon'ble Appellate Tribunal was not taken through the detailed definitions involved.

6. A similar question had arisen before the Labour Appellate Tribunal, Sinah in the Superintendent of Post Offices v. Allah Wafhayo where even a Sub‑Postmaster was held entitled to agitate his grievances before the Labour Court, (1998 PLC 114). In still other petitions by Nadeem Ahmed and Munir Ahmad before Sindh Labour Appellate Tribunal, the peons of Post Office Department were considered to be "workmen" despite the fact that such department had been working under the authority of the Federal Government (1993 PLC pages 825 and 888) was cited. In Superintendent, Post Offices Lahore Division v. Muhammad Yaseen (1984 PLC 979), a postman was held to be ousted from definition of civil servant.

7. Apart from above rulings, even if one attends to the definitions of the word "civil servant" in the Civil Servants Act and "workmen" in the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923, one can conveniently conclude that a postman is a "workman" and not a "civil servant".

8. Having arrived at the, above conclusion we feel at loss to decide the writ petition because the Hon'ble Labour Appellate Tribunal, N.‑W.F.P., in the impugned order, has not touched the merits of the case. We, therefore, accept this writ petition, set aside the impugned judgment dated 10‑6‑1993 and restore Appeal 35 of 1993 before the Hon'ble Tribunal with direction that it be decided on merits, considering Khalid Nawaz Khan (respondent before the Tribunal) to be a " workman" and not a civil servant. No order as to costs. AA.//1710/P Case remanded.