2018 PLP (C (PLC(CS)N)

ADNAN-UL-KARIM MEMON, J.

The petitioners are employees of Sindh Judicial Academy ("the Academy") governed by the Sindh Judicial Academy Establishment (Appointment and Condition of Service) Regulations, 2015 ("the Regulations"). The Petitioners are inter alia, claiming entitlement to salary, allowances and service benefits at par with staff members of the Federal Judicial Academy and the Provincial Judicial Academies of other Provinces as well as seeking grant of the status of a Civil Servant and to be regularized with retrospective effect.

2. The Petitioners are low scale employees and were appointed against the following posts. S.No. Name of the Petitioners Date of Appointment Nature of Appointment Post/BPS

1. Bashir Ahmed 01.01.2005 Two years probation Naib Qasid-01

2. Muhammad Ramzan 20.01.2003 Temporary Gardener -01

3. Ali Muhammad 01.12.2004 Two years probation Messenger 1

4. Imran Ali 05.12.2007 Two years probation Chowkidar 01

5. Parkash - - Sweeper

6. Syed Muhammad Ali Johar Siddiqui 21.02.2008 Two years probation Peon-2

7. Zubair son of Bashir Ahmed 03.11.2011 Temporary for one year Chowkidar-02

8. Muhammad Habib 14.12.2007 Two years probation Chowkidar-02

9. Nadir Hussain 17.06.2009 Temporary Chowkidar-02

10. Muhammad Suleman Saleem 25.08.2012 Temporary for one year Chowkidar-02

11. Muhammad Akram 25.08.2012 Temporary for one year Chowkidar-02

12. Ghulam Murtaza 25.08.2012 Temporary for one year Chowkidar-02

13. Jamil Bahadur 25.08.2013 Temporary for six months Chowkidar-02

14. Abdul Waheed - - -

15. Muhammad Farooq 16.03.2013 Temporary for six months Attendant-02

16. Azizuddin 16.08.1995 Probation three months Assistant Accountant

17. Imtiaz Ali Ujjan 01.01.2005 Probation Two Years Cook-05

18. Suresh Kumar 25.02.2013 Temporary for six months Sweeper-02

19. Muhammad Ghufran 16.03.2013 Temporary for six months Attendant-02

3. The Petitioners asserted that they have been performing their duties in the Academy on temporary/contract basis for the last maximum 15 years and minimum 3 years, with full dedication, devotion and to the entire satisfaction of their superiors. Most of the Petitioners were deputed in lower scales but still their services have not been regularized and that due to which the future of their employment is at stake. In addition, they are aggrieved by the fact that unlike the Members of other Judicial Academies they have not been provided with benefits, parks, enhancement of salary etc.

4. The Respondent No.1 has chosen not to participate in the instant proceedings, whereas, learned counsel for the Respondent No.3 has filed Counter Affidavit and, Respondent No, 2 has filed statement to the effect that its department has been impleaded merely as a pro forma party.

5. The learned counsel for the Petitioners contended that the case of the Petitioners squarely falls within the ambit of Sindh (Regularization of Ad-hoc and Contract Employees) Act, 2013 ("the Act") as such the services of the Petitioners are liable to be regularized under the Act.

6. The learned counsel for the Petitioners further contended that the staff of the Academy is appointed to manage training of all the Judicial Officers and their salary package should reasonably be brought at par with the staff of Federal Judicial Academy and other Provincial Judicial Academies, in order to remove any discrimination. He further contended that the Petitioners have been deprived of their vested right of being regularized in service which is violation of Article 25 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973. ("the Constitution")

7. Per learned counsel, the services of 17 employees of the Academy had already been regularized and their salary was fixed in accordance with the scale approved under the Regulations, but the Respondents are not regularizing the services of the remaining Petitioners.

8. Per learned counsel for Petitioners have a good case for regularization under the Regulations as they meet the requisite criteria. Therefore, the Petitioners are entitled to have their jobs regularized as per the Regulations.

9. The learned counsel appearing on behalf of the Respondent No.3 invited our attention to his counter affidavit and argued that the Petition is not maintainable as the Petitioners were appointed on contractual basis for a temporary period. The learned counsel further contended that no vested right has been created in favour of the Petitioners for regularization of their services and that there is no law providing for the said regularization.

10. The learned counsel for the Respondent No. 3 has further argued that the Academy has no statutory rules of service and its employees are not Civil Servants as such the Constitutional Petition is not maintainable.

11. The learned counsel next contended that the Academy cannot afford to fix the salary of its employees beyond the availability of financial resources as the Academy is receiving limited grant from the Government of Sindh, as such the Petitioners being temporary/ contractual appointees cannot seek regularization.

12. The learned counsel for the Respondent No.3 further contended that the Petitioners assertion with respect to the entitlement of the salaries, benefits etc., as that of staff of other Judicial Academies in other Provinces is not tenable under the law as the Petitioners cannot claim treatment and fixation of their salaries on the basis of scale prevalent for the staff of other Judicial Academies of the respective Provinces, as the conditions of service and salary have to be determined on the basis of availability of the finances provided to each Judicial Academy by their respective Provinces and for the Federal Judicial Academy by the Federation.

13. The learned counsel further argued that the Respondent No.3 that the issue of bringing the salaries of employees of the Academy at par with those of Sindh Government Employees is under consideration. In lieu of the same, he filed a statement to the effect that an Office Order No. SJA/5347 dated 15.7.2015, was issued and the services of seventeen (17) employees of the Academy had already been regularized by the Respondent No.3, so far as the case of Petitioners Nos.2 and 17 is concerned, it is already in process and their salaries were fixed in accordance with the scale approved via the Regulations. Thereafter, vide letters dated 16.6.2016 and 29.8.2016, the other employees, excluding Petitioner No.1 and Hassan Gul, opted for fixation and adjustment of their salaries in terms of the Regulations and the same were also considered, on purely humanitarian grounds, vide Office Order dated 01.09.2016.

14. The learned counsel lastly argued that the Petitioners have not been discriminated and the Act is not applicable to the employees of the Academy and prayed for dismissal of the instant Petition.

15. The learned Assistant Advocate General, Sindh has adopted the arguments of the learned counsel for the Respondent No. 3.

16. We have considered the submissions of the learned counsel for the parties and have also gone through the entire record carefully with their assistance.

17. Apropos, the maintainability of the instant petition is concerned, we are of the opinion that the Regulations are not statutory as the same were framed by the Board of Governors of the Academy, pursuant to Section 16 of the Sindh Judicial Academy Act, 1993 (Act No. IX of 1994). Admittedly, the employees of the Academy are not Civil Servants as defined under Section 2(I)(b)(ii) of the Sindh Civil Servants Act, 1973 and are temporary employees being on Contract. In this regard, the law has already been settled in the case of Pakistan Defence Housing Authority v. Lt. Col. Syed Javed Ahmed (2013 SCMR 1707) wherein it has been held that:- "

50. The principles of law which can be deduced from the foregoing survey of the precedent case-law can be summarized as under:- (i) Violation of Service Rules or Regulations framed by the Statutory bodies under the powers derived from Statutes in absence of any adequate or efficacious remedy can be enforced through writ jurisdiction. (ii) Where conditions of service of employees of a statutory body are not regulated by Rules/Regulations framed under the Statute but only Rules or Instructions issued for its internal use, any violation thereof cannot normally be enforced through writ jurisdiction and they would be governed by the principle of 'Master and Servant'. (iii) In all the public employments created by the Statutory bodies and governed by the Statutory Rules/ Regulations and unless those appointments are purely contractual, the principles of natural justice cannot be dispensed with in disciplinary proceedings. (iv) Where the action of a statutory authority in a service matter is in disregard of the procedural requirements and is violative of the principles of natural justice, it can be interfered within writ jurisdiction. (v) That the Removal from Service (Special Powers) Ordinance, 2000 has an overriding effect and after its promulgation (27th of May, 2000), all the disciplinary proceedings, which had been initiated under the said Ordinance and any order passed or action taken in disregard to the said law would be amenable to writ jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 199 of the Constitution."

18. Now, we would like to address the question raised by the learned counsel for the Petitioners with respect to the applicability of the Sindh (Regularization of Ad hoc and Contract Employees) Act, 2013, suffice to say that this Act is not applicable to the facts and circumstances of the present case of the Petitioners, the relevant portion of which is reproduced hereunder:- "

3. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Act or rules made thereunder or any decree, order or judgment of a Court, but 'subject to other provisions of this Act, an employee appointed on ad hoc and contract basis or otherwise (excluding the employee appointed on daily-wages and work-charged basis), against the post in BS-1 to BS-18 or equivalent basic scales, who is otherwise eligible for appointment on such post and is in service in the Government department and it's project in connection with the affairs of the Province, immediately before the commencement of this Act, shall be deemed to have been validly appointed on regular basis." (Emphasize added).

19. We, therefore, are of the view that the Petitioners cannot take shelter of the Act, 2013 and its applicability in their cases for regularization.

20. Now, we would like to address the next plea taken by the learned counsel for the Petitioners that similar treatment may be provided to the Petitioners as to the entitlement to the staff Members of the Federal Judicial Academy and other Provincial Academies. It may be pointed out that the Judicial Academy in each Province is empowered to make its own decision regarding the subject that fall within their respective domain in accordance with their own circumstances and it is upto them to decide the terms and conditions in respect of their employees so similar treatment cannot be asked for and provided.

21. Insofar as question of regularization of the services of the Petitioners with retrospective effect is concerned, this plea taken by the learned counsel for the Petitioners is also not tenable in the eyes of the law as it is a well settled proposition of law that no appointment can be made retrospectively.

22. We are of the firm view that contract employees do not have a vested right for regularization of their services retrospectively. It is for the Respondent No.3 to decide the issue of regularization of the Petitioners in accordance with law on a case to case basis.

23. In view of the foregoing, we are of the considered view that the instant petition is neither maintainable not could be entertained under Article 199 of the Constitution. The same is dismissed. The listed application is also dismissed. There shall be no orders as to costs. ZC/B-6/Sindh Petition dismissed.